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Aside from this you also has consider the torque the truck has with certain revs, the higher the torque, the higher the engine power. This is why it might be easier to accelerate on 12000 revs rather than 20000, but this depends on the engine and is mostly to be tried out.
To that effect, after an incline, you need your engine to be able to deliver some horses (not the pony kind) and to deliver them fast, so screw the fuel consumption and keep the tachometer right next to 1400 RPM before the incline and keep them at 1200-1400 RPM in the incline. Below 1100 RPM and you're dead, unless you got a 600+ HP engine and a light trailer.
Dropping a gear to slow down is easier than grabbing onto one and hoping to speed up.
As your RPM increases past the end of the power band (green line), it will start producing less and less power. The optimal shift point occurs when shifting up a gear would result in the RPM dropping to a point where the engine is producing more power. This will occur at some point after the end of the power band. You should be dropping from an RPM past the top of the power band, to an RPM inside the power band.
This only applies if the engine will still produce enough torque at the wheels to handle the current load. If you shift up and start slowing down, either you've reached the maximum gear for the situation, or shifted too early.
So to answer your question, if your green zone goes from 10 to 15, you probably want to stay in your current gear until 18-20 hundred RPM before shifting up once you're in say, 7th gear or higher. Higher gears are spaced out more, and create bigger RPM drops, so you want to go further out of the green line.
That's cool, I didn't know that! I always thought the green band means the most efficient fuel consumption. Thanks for clearing that up!
It is that too. A combustion will be more effecient operating inside the power band than not.
I also think I might have given some bad advice. I wouldn't take these trucks more than say 200 outside the powerband tops. Your best bet is to gain speed before climbing a hill. But really, experiment. There is more torque in the low end of the power band, but the truck should be geared so that you always loose torque shifting up inside the power band, which is the reasoning behind going a bit past it.