The New Republic, also known as the Republic, was a democratic government composed of various member worlds spread across the galaxy. It was the restoration of the Galactic Republic, a democratic state that governed the galaxy for a millennium until the rise of the Galactic Empire. Instead of affixing its capital to Coruscant, the galaxy's historical seat of government, each member world would have the chance to host the newly-restored Galactic Senate on a rotating basis. The New Republic's first capital was Chandrila; a planet located in the Core Worlds like Coruscant, it was also the homeworld of Chancellor Mon Mothma, the new government's first head of state. Approximately three decades after the formation of the Republic, the cosmopolitan world of Hosnian Prime was serving as the Senate's headquarters.
With the death of Emperor Palpatine at the Battle of Endor in 4 ABY, the Alliance to Restore the Republic fulfilled its mandate by reorganizing itself into the New Republic. Modeled on the principles of its predecessor, the Republic strove to bury Palpatine's New Order by restoring democracy after an era of Imperial rule. The Republic ultimately won the Galactic Civil War; after the Battle of Jakku, the Empire formally surrendered in 5 ABY by signing a peace treaty known as the Galactic Concordance. With the war concluded and the Empire dissolved into various remnants—including a powerless, provisional government on Coruscant—the Republic's armed forces were significantly reduced through the Military Disarmament Act. As a result, the Republic promoted the training of planetary defense forces for security as well as a reconstruction program to rebuild the worlds that were ravaged by the war. Even at the height of its power, the Republic was only a fraction of the size of its predecessors and relied on egalitarian policies to remain on friendly terms with the neutral star systems.

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