This is from the wiki, but as no one has made a guide (oddly) and this is the best I've seen I'm putting it here. From http://fs.error420.com/wiki/Principles_of_Combat 

Comprehensive guide for Rocket Launcher. Now with contextual Screenshots and new strategies section. 

The "Bloody Obvious Guide on Frozen Synapse" covers tactical combat, and covers such issues as when to move where and so on, as well as stance, most fast vs. slow, and so on. 

Tutorial video covering the basics of direct fire combat in Frozen Synapse. Introduces the time-to-kill mechanic and illustrates the factors affecting combat through a series of 1 v 1 encounters. Playing the in-game tutorial first is recommended. For more ... 

本指南包括新手教程的流程和游戏界面的介绍，专为Steam上的中国玩家了解本游戏而创作 :D 原文发表于百度steam吧--> Frozen Synapse入门教程攻略 This guide, including the tutorial and basic introduction to the game interface, is made especially for Chinese newbies. If English is your mother tongue, all help you can