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I'm not particularly knowledgeable about computers, but this guide really helped me to learn the basics of running a server when I first started playing the game. I have since ran home servers for multiple groups of friends, co-owned/admined a paid server for a Discord group, and learned a lot more, based on this foundation. I'd wholeheartedly recommend it.
The server should have the lastest operating system updates, antivirus, etc at the minimum to keep the risk to the minimum.
I run an appliance firewall with a cloud based intrusion prevention system on the outside of my network and keep the server on a different VLAN than my other network devices.
This is the reason that many just rent servers to let the companies hosting worry about the additional setup and hardening.
Port forwarding exposes the server to the internet. Without exposing the server to the internet no one outside of your local home network can join.
Lets stop the fear mongering.
if you have to ask questions like this, then the answer is just go rent a server from a company where they will do all of this for you, and the company also adds extra layers of defense (ddos protection, etc).
I am speaking with experience and have 12+ years of professional experience with my day job in Cybersecurity.
Port forwarding if done correctly is relatively low risk but you are still exposing your device to the broader internet traffic. If done incorrectly (think wild cards or accidentally including a port unintended where an external malicious actor could take advantage of such as un-credentialed RDP).
Just because thousands of servers or individuals are doing this does not mean it is best practice or done correctly. Port forwarding is very similar to leaving your car or home unlocked. Servers that are visible to the internet show up on websites such as https://www.shodan.io/ and can be searched for potentially vulnerable exposed services.
Re risk. Basic mechanisms is having up-to-date OS and antivirus.
There are more advanced stuff such as using a DMZ but I doubt you've got the equipment or know how for such things.
Honestly... You sound well outside your depth and it may be easier to just rent a server for now.