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SteamOS was based on Debian in version 1 and 2 yes but now it is based on Arch Linux in Version 3.
It even says on steam deck specifications and on Wikipedia and tons of other websites are saying it as well.
Amazing how you don't know what you are talking about. They are called "Forks". Don't worry the rest of us will increase the average IQ of the thread.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fork_(software_development)
Is Steam OS a legit Linux distribution in and of its own right? When compared to the overall Linux distributions ecosystems and lineages, yes.
In generic terms, a linux distro is "someone constructed" software collection for a target use-case.
Most all Linux Distributions are a GNU/Linux distribution. GNU is the user space utilities. Linux is the kernel for the HAL (hardware abstraction layer). There are also GNU/BSD distros. Even if using the Buildroot (OR LinuxFromScratch) compiling utils to literally compile your own linux installation, those too are GNU/Linux.
Different Linux use-case philosophies establish what to include, legal & feature support, etc. Some have been around so long, they grandfather OG distros. They are forked and improved upon. (I cannot name them all as there's so many)
* Debian -> Ubuntu -> Mint Linux
* Debian -> Raspberry OS
* OG Red Hat -> Fedora -> Centos Stream -> Red Hat Enterprise
* OG SuSE -> Tumbleweed -> OpenSuSE -> SuSE Enterprise
* Slackware
* Gentoo
While newer philosophical practices have created the NG (Next Gen) distros like:
* Arch Linux -> Manajaro
* Apline
Or specialized NG builds:
* PostmarketOS
* AOSP (open source Android) -> Lineage/Omni/and others.
Some of those also have versions for x86 32-bit, x86_64 bit, ARM64, ARMHF, etc
But when someone "forks" and improves (or tailors) the above, we start getting distros regarding convenience or user experience & functionality. That doesn't make them any less a distro than their parent or sibling distro. Each one has added new value and/or software to the Linux eco-system -- that's the whole premise of Free & Open Source Software.
Keep in mind, the deck is using Steam OS 3.x (based on Arch). That means there's been two previous Steam OS (both based on Debian.) Steam OS is also tailored to operate like a Hardware Appliance where most others are general purpose install like Windows. Hardware Appliances (like those in commercial data centers) require fault-tolerant OSes so if an update fails, the owner does not end up with a brick. Steam OS has always had TWO operating system partitions to flip-flop between. While the User's Home Directory has been modifiable.
Everything about Steam OS features is demonstrable it is its own unique Linux Distro even though derived from an upstream source.
Cheers, retro