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【4k】Portrait of the Artist - Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn/艺术家肖像 - 伦勃朗·哈尔曼松·范莱因

画家：Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn(1606.07.15－1669.10.04)；
作品问世：1665；
作品背景：
ㅤㅤ伦勃朗是一位创新且多产的画家、绘图员和蚀刻师，是 17 世纪荷兰“黄金时代”最伟大的艺术家之一。在他 40 年的职业生涯中，他画、画和蚀刻了大约 80 幅自画像。他们追溯了他的生活和职业生涯，从雄心勃勃的年轻艺术家，到 1630 年代和 1640 年代自信而成功的画家，再到晚年年迈、陷入困境的大师。这幅在建伍 (Kenwood) 的画是他的最后一幅画（此处存疑——湍）。它始于 1665 年左右，当时伦勃朗 59 岁。在伦勃朗所有自画像中规模最大、最气势磅礴的自画像中，它以其精湛的技术和无情的诚实而闻名，提供了艺术家最独特和最具定义的图像之一。
ㅤㅤ与他早期的许多自画像不同，伦勃朗在其中描绘自己人为地摆姿势或穿着精心制作的服装扮演一个角色，《两个圆圈的自画像》将他展示为他工作室中的画家。他穿着朴素的工作服，带有毛皮衬里的战袍，自 16 世纪以来一直是画家们穿着的传统战袍，头戴简单的白色亚麻帽。他的左手拿着他的交易工具——一个木制的调色板、刷子和一个长长的mahlstick，一个用来在绘画时稳定他的手的工具。在右边可以看到他正在工作的画布的边缘。伦勃朗没有在绘画中表现自己，而是直接盯着我们，一只手放在臀部。
ㅤㅤ一张带有两个圆圈的自画像的 X 光片显示，伦勃朗戏剧性地改变了这幅画的构图，并因此改变了他展示自己的方式。最初，伦勃朗在工作中画了自己。 X 光片显示他进一步向左转，左手在作画时举起。他的艺术家的工具——调色板、画笔和 mahlstick——握在他的右手中。我们从其他自画像中知道伦勃朗不是用左手画画的。这个错误大概是因为伦勃朗正在精确地复制他在镜子中的倒影。因此，他改变了构图，将工具转移到左手上，将身体重新对准画平面的前部，并将他现在空无一人的右手藏在他的画家战袍的褶皱中。在这样做的过程中，伦勃朗将这幅画从艺术家在创作时捕捉到的工作中的形象转变为他工作室中的艺术家形象。焦点不再是绘画的动作，而是伦勃朗的肖像。
ㅤㅤ关于伦勃朗是否完成了《两个圆圈的自画像》一直存在争论。
ㅤㅤ这幅画的一些区域，比如白色的亚麻帽和他放在臀部的右手，似乎只是被“挡住”了，为艺术家稍后返回做好了准备。画布的其他区域，这幅画既没有签名也没有注明日期，这对于伦勃朗的自画像来说是不寻常的。一些学者争辩说，他不再觉得有必要在他的作品上签名，因为他生前就是名人，被称为 nostrae aetatis miraculum（我们这个时代的奇迹），而且很多人都能认出他的脸。一些艺术史学家甚至认为，到 1660 年代，伦勃朗可能已经觉得他独特的绘画风格本身就是一种签名。
ㅤㅤ这幅画的名字来源于背景中的两个神秘圆圈，几代观众和学者都为之着迷和困惑。关于圆圈的含义有很多理论。最流行的理论集中在一个关于伟大的意大利画家乔托（卒于 1337 年）的故事，据说他徒手画了一个完美的圆，证明了他的艺术技巧。尽管伦勃朗画了两个不完整的圆，而不是一个完美的圆，但学者们认为，他将自己与乔托的传奇天才联系起来，运用了他自己独特的艺术风格。
ㅤㅤKenwood House 从 17 世纪初就俯瞰伦敦的汉普斯特德希思 (Hampstead Heath)，在 18 世纪被改造成一座宏伟的新古典主义别墅。建伍现在恢复了乔治亚时代的辉煌，是举世闻名的艺术收藏品的所在地。

Painting background:
ㅤㅤAn innovative and prolific painter, draughtsman and etcher, Rembrandt van Rijn was one of the greatest artists of the 17th-century Dutch ‘Golden Age’. Over the course of his 40-year career he painted, drew and etched roughly 80 self-portraits. They trace his life and career from ambitious young artist, through the confident and successful painter of the 1630s and 1640s to the aged, troubled master of his late years. This painting at Kenwood was one of his last. It was begun around 1665 when Rembrandt was 59. Among the largest and most imposing of all Rembrandt’s self-portraits, it is celebrated for its technical brilliance and ruthless honesty, offering one of the most distinctive and defining images of the artist.
ㅤㅤUnlike many of his earlier self-portraits, in which Rembrandt depicted himself artificially posed or acting out a part in an elaborate costume, Self-Portrait with Two Circles shows him simply as a painter in his studio. He is plainly dressed in working clothes with a fur-lined tabard, traditionally worn by painters since the 16th century, along with a simple white linen cap. In his left hand he holds the tools of his trade – a wooden palette, brushes, and a long mahlstick, a tool used as a rest to steady his hand while painting. To the right can be seen the edge of the canvas on which he is working. Rather than showing himself in the act of painting, Rembrandt stares directly at us, with one hand on his hip.
ㅤㅤAn X-ray of Self-Portrait with Two Circles reveals that Rembrandt dramatically altered the composition of the painting and in doing so, changed the way in which he presented himself. Originally, Rembrandt had painted himself at work. The x-ray shows him turned further to his left, with his left hand raised in the act of painting. His artist’s tools – palette, brushes and mahlstick – are held in his right hand. We know from other self-portraits that Rembrandt did not paint with his left hand. The error presumably happened because Rembrandt was precisely copying his reversed reflection in a mirror. He therefore altered the composition, transferring his tools into his left hand, realigning his body with the front of the picture plane, and hiding his now empty right hand in the folds of his painter’s tabard. In doing so, Rembrandt transformed the painting from an image of an artist at work, captured in the act of creating a painting, to the image of an artist in his studio. The focus is no longer on the action of painting but on Rembrandt’s likeness.
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其余画作：
1、自画像 - 伦勃朗·哈尔曼松·范莱因：
https://steamcommunity.com/sharedfiles/filedetails/?id=2635877959；
2、厨房女仆 - 伦勃朗·哈尔曼松·范莱因：
https://steamcommunity.com/sharedfiles/filedetails/?id=2779372101；
3、自画像（1669） - 伦勃朗·哈尔曼松·范莱因：
https://steamcommunity.com/sharedfiles/filedetails/?id=2823674538。

-------- 更新日志 --------
更新于：12 月 18 日 下午 7:06
初创，现基于原画作：
1、添加了男人的呼吸特效；
2、添加了男人头发的摆动特效；
3、添加了拿坡里帽的沉浮特效与音频响应（请原谅）；
4、添加了薄雾特效。