Geothermal Plant - Water Regulated

Water-Regulated Geothermal Plant.

Generates ~1500 W power over several hundred cycles at least(and probably I would guess at least 700 until all of the lava and rocks have cooled under 200deg).

PREREQUISITES:
1. A SMALL(1 aquatuner) amount of steel.
2. Lots of Water.
3. Climb the tech tree sufficiently so the sweet fruit of this design may be plucked.

of course the Dupes need to work in the Lava environment to build/run this so goes without saying atmo suits are needed.

INTRODUCTION

This guide shows how to build water-regulated geothermal plants. It proved to be a MUCH better approach than temperature-regulation based.

Principle is this:

Heat is transferred from the hot tiles to the steam.
Transfer rate is constant.
More steam in the chamber lowers temperature.
Less steam increases temperature.

Steam turbines constantly remove water(steam) from the environment.

We will regulate how much water(steam) goes in to the chamber to regulate the temperature.

And it works wonderfully, far better than I could have hoped/expected.

STEAM TURBINE COOLING

Get this over with as its not very interesting. Standard Cooling Loop for the Steam Turbines with a STEEL Thermo Aquatuner needed as steam temps should be kept at or above 200 Deg C. There is nothing 'clever' about this setup its just standard as have seen 100 times before. STEEL(or better) must be used as I said as the temps here will break copper/gold etc.

Turbines are submerged in a hydrogen atmosphere as per standard.

WATER TEMPERATURE/PRESSURE REGULATION

200 Deg C is the steam temperature at which increases in temperature no longer increase power output. Below 200 Deg C the steam turbines produce less than maximum power.

The aim is to keep the steam going into the turbines at ~200C. Less they do not generate enough power. More and the thermal energy is just being wasted.

There are 2 temperature sensors on either side of the aquatuner. These provide the 'brains' of the mechanism. The temperature sensors are set to 200 and 210 Deg C respectively.

IF the 210 Deg C(too hot) sensor is triggered, then the top valve will trigger and release water into the system, increasing pressure and dropping the temperature and increasing the heat energy/tile.

IF the 200 Deg C(too cold) sensor is triggered, the output water from the turbines will be returned to storage and not placed back into the system. This allows the Steam to heat up. It also decreases the heat energy/tile of the steam.

IF the temperature is between 200 and 210 then the water output from the turbines is placed back into the system to maintain stability.

All together works exceedingly well and keeps the turbines going over 100s of cycles so far in testing.

MAINTENANCE AND OPERATION

This power plant does need regular maintenance by the Dupes.

The reason for this is that the heat has been extracted from the rocks and the steam is no longer getting hot enough.

These cold rocks then need to be mined out to expose the new hot rocks that can keep the steam hot.

Tempshift plates can be used to good effect. In theory the hot tile should still remain useful up to 200 deg C after which they subtract rather than add to the system. In practice they start to become too cold at about 350 degrees as there is a heat gradient in the system with the steam at the bottom in contact with the hot rocks being hotter than the steam at the top.

I have not yet experimented with filling the whole steam chamber with TempShift plates. I suspect this may allow use of the rocks down to under 300 Deg C.

I have put some automation at the top of the water tank to check for the condition where the water is pumped out of the system(to heat the existing steam) and thence the pressure is becoming low. At this time it is necessary for the dupes to mine and expose the hot rocks to the steam chamber. This increases steam temperature which will cause more water to be pumped back into the steam chamber and pressure to be maintained.

There is a blinking warning light that can be in central control area or other of base which will flash and let you know if this low pressure condition is happening. It is optional if you use this kind of thing or 'just keep an eye on it'. This is what the automation logic at the top of the tank does and is its only function.

IT IS IMPORTANT NOT TO LET THE STEAM PRESSURE DROP as the whole system will become unstable and will no longer work. There is "dynamic instability" in the system and if the steam pressure is too low this will be lost and the system will no longer work as intended as it will pump the water out of the system to try and bring the temperatures up leading to an infinite loop.

Temperature is maintained by the dupes mining out the cool rocks and exposing new hot ones, old tempshift plates can be recycled to be used with the newly exposed hot rocks. They do need access to the steam room and need atmo suits to do this task.

Usually the top of the steam chamber is lava which then solidifies down. Do not be disheartened by the lava solidifying, the rocks still contain immense heat, this is only an appearance. No energy is lost as the lava has the same specific heat capacity as the rocks that form when it cools. Lava is NOT required.

Be very careful when transitioning from heating the steam with Lava and heating it with the rocks. Remember that the rocks transfer heat twice as fast as the lava does, so if you used tempshift plates with the lava, you can suddenly find yourself in situation where the steam is much, much too hot. Be conservative with the use of tempshift plates around lava and realise this effect will occur when lava solidifies to rock.

FINAL REMARKS

I am happy with how these steam turbines turned out. They worked a lot better than I expected when I first designed them. Using the water/pressure regulation approach rather than a temperature regulation approach(blocking heat source when gets too hot and keeping a stable amount of water).

Please remember that this is a prototype built in the sand box.

Actual implementation will need some refinement, for example creating an airlock so the Dupes can go in and out of the Steam Chamber without affecting pressure/temps etc.

I did run a test(without increasing heat of tiles etc) and the system ran stably for at least 200 cycles without any sign of really slowing down. I reckon these geothermal stations can run for at least 500 cycles before no hot rocks being available becomes a real problem.

So these things will not last forever once built but do last a long time.

Clever person should probably be able to improve on this kind of design a lot, dump polluted water into steam chamber and get clean out at top, get rid of heat, etc, etc.

So I do hope this helps someone and the lava at the bottom gets some use now.

Gavin786

[Nails+Tape]

the ladders are for heat transfer. not sure why heat plates weren't used tho, maybe to save on diamond/metal

[mr spaghetti aim]

Why The Millions Of Ladders????

[camaterasu]

Nice design. Will try it out.

[Gavin786]

@Redshift - This design is an example of how to build this type of building - NOT a template that can be copy/pasted. In practice you will only need enough ladders to get your dupes down to dig when the rocks cool + you will need some other things like a patroleum airlock etc that are not shown. Sorry if this is confusing. Main point of design is that the heat chamber is regulated with some automation that controls the steam/heat density of tiles to keep temps at 200. Other designs usually use a temperature-modulation type approach which you might have seen with airlock in middle between metal tiles to control the heat being transferred. This is a much simplet(imho) option which works great and has another advantage - that hot steam at 200 deg holds a lot of energy much better than a battery. Anyway, that is the thinking and why there are a lot of ladders.

[Redshift]

Why so many ladders though?