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Moving a Steam Installation and Games
https://support.steampowered.com/kb_article.php?ref=7418-YUBN-8129
Adding another library folder, using that option under your Steam settings, is one way to do it.
Steam in the top left, then settings, then downloads. Library folder options button is on top there.
And you cannot just copy and paste the game folder. You have to make a new library folder that is empty and then exit Steam and then drag over the game folder for Borderlands into that new folder, as well as the .acf file for Borderlands.
The .acf file is the file that tells Steam where and if the game is installed.
+ instead built-in moving, use built-in backup - restore function - it more stable and predictable.
You don't have to uninstall the game using Steam. That will delete the files and you will have to download them all over again. I am telling you a way to do it without having to download one single thing.
Make a new library folder.
Exit Steam after logging out.
Go to where you have Steam installed on your computer.
Open up the Steam/steamapps/common folder and cut the Borderlands game folder. It is usually a good idea to make a backup first before doing anything. Keep the backup on your desktop for example.
Now manually navigate to the new library folder that you added. Open it up and place the Borderlands game folder in the EXACT same place as you previously removed it from.
Now, do the same thing for the .acf file for Borderlands. The .acf file number is the same as the URL number on the store page for that game. This is how you find the correct .acf file for the corresponding game. You place the .acf file in the steamapps folder though, in that new library folder that you created.
http://prntscr.com/f0wkyt
But other than that, you have the general idea correct. You have to move that .acf file to where the game is going to be installed, but all folders and files have to be in their correct places just as before.
For example, .acf files have to be in steamapps. Game folders have to be in the common folder. I don't see that in your path in the right side there. All I see is "new folder".
http://prntscr.com/f0wmjs
(ignore the acf question in that screenshot. You already explained that to me, it goes in steamapps)
As long as you keep a backup of the game folder and the .acf file, you cannot really make a mistake that will cause you to have to redownload anything.
You are doing all this while exited out of Steam all the way, correct ? You cannot have Steam open while doing this.
Also, security software such as anitivirus may have issues with externals, if you don't set those up properly also.
In short, it is basically like the support page says. It is not "recommended". You "can" do it, but it is not recommended and it is a bit of a headache to set up properly and fully.
And also, because some external HDD are only 5200 RPM. Loading screens will be much longer, for example, in some games.
That is one way you can do all this and get the performance out of your internal drive, especially if it is an SSD, when playing games, but keep the huge amount of data that game files take up on your external HDD. That is what I would do if this was me personally.
Yes, after you launch Steam and make sure the new location recognized the files and games as installed, you can delete your backups. All that "may" be necessary is to verify the game files after moving them around.
Verify Integrity of Game Files
https://support.steampowered.com/kb_article.php?ref=2037-QEUH-3335
EDIT..You should not have the game folder and .acf file still on C. You should be dragging over or cutting and pasting. NOT copy and pasting. You cannot have them installed in two places at once, of course.