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By lowering a resolution slightly it's not going to do anything to affect your eyesight.
What DOES affect eyesihgt uis doing thngs like having an older resoltuoin (like when I play PS1 games on a large screen) that can look smeary. That sort of thing can be tiring for eyes long term as you're trying to focus on something that isn't focused in the first place.
Also long spaces of playing games on a screen can cause issues with eyes over the years so you should always keep up with your optician too.
But generally speaking, no nothing to worry about.
Consider this - if it were, can you imagine how many ♥♥♥♥♥♥♥ legal cases there would be?
The only thing that could be bad for your eyes is if you're playing an older game in 4k or something and the text is so small you need to almost kiss your screen to read.
Outside from that, just play at which resolution feels the best for you and, of course, take a break once in a while to let your eyes rest a bit.
Edit: I'm speaking apart from the expected focus change when looking at an image that refreshes constantly like a monitor. I really meant like it makes absolutely no different if you're looking at 480p or 4k when it comes to focus itself.
But, if the resolution is so low that you have to squint to figure out what it is or if you get closer to your screen for that reason. Now that's the real issue.
Thus why I said to pick the resolution feels the best for you. I play some games at 720p and others at 1080p depending on what it is. Some games I might even drop lower especially if it is sprite based because I think shape edges look odd next to sprites.
What could "affect" your eyesight is brightness (if your eyes are already tired and you don't get enough sunlight per day) or screen flickering (like strobe backlight from ulmb or "non flicker free" monitors).
If a game is not optimized for said resolution like someone mentioned, making the text smaller and requiring to force your eyes, that's another issue.
Same thing with sprite based games, they may not scale properly, but that just makes them "look" bad
YOU WILL get eye strain if you do it for these perdios but keep doing it for long periods and go long into the night for example.
It's basically looking up the recommended times and sticking to them. Of course it goes without saying one can always talk to your optician about this.
It's something I take care over as I play o many different platforms.
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I find some games on certain consoles will make my eyes run after a while.
It happemed to me to some degree before my optician addressed it.
Well someone told me that..
My IPS monitors have lower blue light which might be good as well.
It's more about the animation movements and frame flipping. That's why monitors have a back light too, to avoid the screen flicker during frames. A high-end monitor tends to have better eye care and quality builtin. A TV/PC hybrid monitor with low refresh rate and response time is the worst.
When you watch TV, you might have a movie play out at 1080p with only 24 FPS. Yet it appears smooth and comfortable to watch for the 2 hours worth. TVs will blur the pixels together and the frames are at a continuous rate which doesn't change.
With a PC monitor, the pixels need to be razor sharp so you can sit up closer and read the small text. A big explosion or action scene might take an impact on the graphics card handing out those frames. Therefore a higher resolution and refresh rate tends to be better. Plus you can use G-SYNC or FreeSYNC to smooth out the frame rate flow even more - syncing the monitors Hz with the FPS.
The human eyes doesn't care about the FPS, rather the missing movement in what it considers as animation. It's smart enough however to full in some of the missing gaps. However, the more it does that, the more stress and strain is put on it.
Your human eyes also attempts to calculate in distance, so staring at a flat screen can affect that too. You might wish to look away from the screen every now and then or take breaks between matches. Specially if playing during the night and have nothing out in the distance to also look at.