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The main feature which the Malian Empire is famous for is their control of the trans-Saharan trade routes; adding to the fact that half of their empire is covered by desert, while the other half is a savanna.
If you watch a map of the Mali Empire, you will notice that no, they didn't reach Central Africa at all, but they expanded mainly into Senegal, Mali & Burkina Faso. Most they reached in Western Coastal Africa is today's Ivory Coast to the South, which is still far away from Nigeria.
The fact they were the first ones to make contact with the Portuguese has nothing to do with Mali & Benin being different kingdoms. Just as a matter of fact, Portuguese-Malian relations started via Gambia, not via Edo (Nigeria).
Thus, this is an incorrect conclusion.
However, the Malian faction in AoE 2 is supposed to represent all of West Africa, not just Mali. It is disappointing that this is the case, especially with there only being three African factions, and the fourth introduced in Africa's expansion being an entirely European nation, but this is the same company that thought the Bantu should all be counted as one civilization for Rise of Nations, so I know not to get my hopes up.
Because Malians represent all of West Africa, they do get to benefit from the best parts of most of the civilizations there.
Farimba: Mossi horsemen.
Universities: Malian Empire as a whole.
Reduced wood costs: Really, just the entirety of the Sahel. (Acacia trees suck, and they're just as hostile as anything else in Africa.)
Gunpowder: Kanem Bornu.
Fast Fire Ships, Arbalests, and gold mining bonus: Soninke-controlled gold mines, and Soninke poison archery tactics. (Also, Senegambian sailors)
Archer-resistant infantry: I believe it should be attributed to the Songhay or the Zazzau, but I'm not sure which.
Tigui: Just the nature of levy-based, archer-driven warfare in West Africa.
Gbeto: Fon people, and all Mambele-using cultures.
Fortified Walls: Kingdom of Benin.
All things considered, it turned out well. Personally, I would've loved to see a trade bonus in there, but I really can't complain about the cohesion of the design. The civ turned out well.
Really, if you want to see Africa represented accurately without some numbskull trying to apply outdated Victorian-era models to the development of nations, you're going to need to dive way down and look between the crevices for some broke companies who need investment. Unfortunately, the markets in many African countries haven't yet reached a point where the locals would be able to influence the gaming industry all that much. Maybe in the future.
"the Fulani or Dogon masked warriors would've been more appropriate."
Those two groups are currently at war with each other. The Fulani jihad never ended, and their genocidal tendencies haven't disappeared. Including either group may very well be taken the wrong way in the future, so I can understand why they'd opt out of using either, ignoring gameplay reasons. Ultimately, Gbeto is a good fit. Manages to make gunpowder redundant, too.
If the faction was split up, maybe we'd see the Dogon, the Fulani, the Ghanaians, the Bini, and a Mandekalu rider.
Can't say I see how they could be considered to be a part of the same cultural sphere. They didn't really have much in common, and they lived in different biome sets.
...And the assumption that the "Dark Ages" were dark for anyone outside Europe. The game is just showing its age. Ultimately, it runs on the same Eurocentric assumptions that fuel just about every other 'historical' game. The game isn't centered on Europe, but it relies on the European perspective to frame history. It's because of this that most nations don't fully mesh with it.
Well, usually I see eurocentric views very critical as well, but I guess its ok for an "Age of Kings" game. It IS supposed to focus on the era of western european Knights. The whole fighting-with-buildings-thing (towerrush, castle-drop, etc) was inspired by medival strategies. I doubt as well there were Pikes or hellbards in meso-America or Africa. The basic-skins for the units are all clearly european, only the UUs and buildings have era-specific skins. The Indochinese-Civs, african kingoms, meso-America, Koreans, etc all came with add-ons (official or inofficial). If you look at the first Civs in Age of Kings before Conquerors, the only not European Civs were Turks, Saracenes (because of the Crusades), Mongols (who invaded Europe during the middle-ages) and Persian, Chinese, Japan (who were all used in AoE1 - Persians were mostly just an excuse to have a Civ with Elephants again).
Still: Since they already made the African Civ-skins, they could rly have tried to add a few more Civs.
Iirc after the last Khans there are no more Civs supposed to be added, right? Well... Maybe in AoE4.