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I'm pretty sure there aren't any "phantom" emissions. "Phantom" forcing, maybe, but not emissions. Every single megaton CO2 equiv. can be accounted for, though some sources for emissions are harder to nail than others. The big sources that I've found people tend to overlook are emissions due to single-turn events (e.g. wildfires), emissions due to resource extraction (this is how tar sands and shale gas are made to be more polluting), and emissions due to fuel oil use for air travel, as air travel can never be converted to electric, and unless you have full coverage from 3rd gen biofuels, fuel oil use will generate more emissions than what would be compensated by fuel oil generation (biofuels reduce fuel oil emissions by generating negative emissions from fuel oil creation, everything else either generates no emissions or generates positive emissions from fuel oil creation).
And this is while all fossil is bannad except biofuel, also nuclear (to prevent uranium mining.)
With -20k emissions a turn the net emissions are 40k and the temprature remains stagnant on whatever it was when you managed to get utopian technologies to decrease emissions.
Not to mention, when the ice ages happened, every single time, the CO2 levels were above 4,500 ppm.
Considering that managed to wein both tha base game and the unofficial patch version I cannot agree with this statement. It can be won and even with a few different strategy (as well as some really dystopian options like wipeing most of the humanity and such.) Yep, it is hard, very hard and that is designed (and the base version underplays the nuclear powerplants to the point that the unofficial patch cannot even trully solve the problems with them.)
The Problem:
The game measures your annual CO2 Emissions, and the total CO2 emissions (since 1750) and how much those changed since the last turn. But they might be calculated independantly, and this is where someone probably made an error with Artificial Trees.
Because each turn is 5 years, the change in total emissions should be 5 times your annual emissions. Maybe not exactly, maybe there is some additional increase due to arctic methane releases., which gets converted into the CO2 amount and added, I don´t know.
Based on looking on those numbers a few times before getting 1st Nano and Artificial Trees, the change in my total emissions was about 5 times my annual emissions.
For example:
+6995 annual emissions and +31.749 total emissions over 5 years.
But when I looked at this after getting Artificial Trees everywhere, that ratio was totally off.
Examples:
+3.830 annual, but +127.632 increase
-5.789 annual, but +87.053 increase
So how does this get screwed up?
Running Artificial Trees in every region is supposed to reduce emissions by 24.000 Mt, both in the vanilla game and with Delnar´s mod. Subsidize Biochar in every region should cut another 3.000 Mt. Together that equals 27.000 Mt CO2 reduction.
But are those per turn reductions or annual reductions?
According to the annual emissions, those 24.000 to 27.000 are supposed to be annual, and should decrease your total emissions by 120.000 to 135.000 over the course of 5 years.
But my suspicion is, that either:
1. The emission decrease was actually supposed to be per turn, which means that annual emissions should only be reduced by 20% of that, but are wrongfully calculated fully into annual emissions.
2. The emission decrease was supposed to be per year, but they wrongfully don´t get multiplied by 5 for the total emission change.
No matter what´s the actual error, those 24.000 to 27.000 will be both substracted from your annual emissions, and from what your total emission change would be, if you weren´t playing Artificial Trees and Subsidize Biochar.
As a result, total emission change will be 96.000 to 108.000 higher than what you´d expect from multiplying annual emissions by 5:
Using my previously mentioned two examples, I get a discrepancy of
127.632 - 5* 3.830 = 108.482
87.053 - 5 * (-5.789) = 115.998
To confirm that the error really comes from Artificial Trees instead of Arctic Methane, I went to my save with -5.789 annual emissions and +87.053 increase, cancelled all my Artificial Trees and Subsidize Biochar, went to the next turn and got
+21.106 annual emissions, (an increase of +26.895 annual emissions) and a total emission change of +106.878 (+19.825 more than in the previous turn). Which is about 5x of the annual emissions again. And definitely debunks, that those 100k+ emissions are coming from Arctic Methane alone.
Now 26.895 isn´t exactly 19.825. But it is closer to a 1:1 ratio than a 1:5 ratio.
TLDR:
Artificial Trees and Subsidize Biochar seem to be decreasing the total emission change only by 20% of what they decrease according to the annual emissions.
This causes total emissions and therefore CO2 concentrations to rise, while annual emissions are negative. The breakeven point of 0 total emission increase/turn might be around -20.000 annual emissions.
This applies to both the vanilla game and Delnar´s Mod, as far as I am aware of.