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https://www.activexperts.com/network-component/tutorials/ping/
from link above
"The Ping utility is essentially a system administrator's tool that is used to see if a computer is operating and also to see if network connections are intact. Ping uses the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) Echo function which is detailed in RFC 792. A small packet is sent through the network to a particular IP address. This packet contains 64 bytes - 56 data bytes and 8 bytes of protocol reader information."
Ugh...do your research. That question makes no sense whatsoever.
Different protocols route differently? Well, every packet you send may get routed differently regardless of protocol.
UDP is fastest, most direct connection, but not guaranteed and won't be error corrected.
TCP is most reliable, it will spam you with the same packet until you say you got it.
Ping is a test that you can run on any protocol.
And Valve doesn't use regular UDP for gametraffic no more. Your UDP traffic goes to a router that uses Steam datagram relay to connect you to a gameserver.
It gives you a pingmeasurement to Valve's routers. They all have a 3 or 4 letter code that's the location of the router. For example: AMS = Amsterdam, LUX = luxembourg, HKG = Hongkong, PAR = Paris.
Then you have a ping to that router (which is only a few pings) + a ping from that router to the gameserver. (This is not a constant measurement, but 1 moment in time).
In the list you can see the average ping to the router, and when it says "direct route" it means there are gameservers in that specific net. When it has a front and a back, it means traffic from that router is rerouted to a location that has gameservers available.
Check screen: https://imgur.com/XM0piN8
For me Amsterdam has the lowest ping and also has direct connected gameservers available. While Luxembourg and Paris also have a low ping, but the traffic is rerouted over another hop to the gameservers.