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Generally I would recommend conserving the starting water in a cool state for as long as possible, and use either sieved polluted water or geyser water for as much of your stuff as possible. Specifically electrolyzers, carbon skimmers and plumbing. Ideally you should use the starting water exclusively for research and maybe a water cooler, because those need manual delivery. That way it will last you until about cycle 150-200 without filling up. Running hydroponics is optional, but I wouldn't recommend it unless there is something specific you need the crops for. And perhaps if you have an unusually high amount of starting water. It's random and you have to adjust. But most importantly, insulate your water tank.
The second thing I would do is to have the dupes gather ice from your wheezewort digs into cold biomes. There is usually a few tons of it lying about after exploration that you can store in your water tank, where it will (slowly) heat up and then finally melt all at once. Weird mechanic, but hat's how it works right now. This should then last you to about cycle 500 or longer if you did what I said above. Don't dig out extra ice though, because mined materials lose mass. If you want to melt more ice, melt it without digging in a tank in the cold biome.
After this you must venture into more complicated methods of cooling. Coiling water pipes through hydrogen freezers is the quick way, cooling oil/petroleum and routing that through your water supply the other. The second takes more work and obviously requires oil, but is more solid because oil and petroleum also has a much lower freezing temperature than water does. It will save you a lot of busted pipes to use oil or petroleum for cooling rather than water. It will also, obviously, be colder and therefore cool down stuff more effectively.
The freezer itself can be built with a nullifier inside, but you don't have to. Wheezeworts do the same thing. Build a room around one (or a few wheezeworts) and fill the room with hydrogen. If there is a nullifier you should fill the machine with hydrogen too. Then pipe the oil through the room until it cools, into the base to cool the water there and then back once the oil heats up again. Once set up it's a loop of continuous cooling that ideally requires little upkeep. You can use valves and certain automation equipment to keep the oil in the freezer pipes or the water tank you are cooling down. The reason this is the way people do it is that hydrogen conducts temperature far better than other gases. An oxygen/cCo2/chlorine-filled room with worts or nullifiers in it will cool down slowly and unevenly. The same room filled with hydrogen will cool down almost instantly, evenly and will stay much cooler. Or hotter. It works the other way around too. Hot rooms are mainly for growing nuts and ranching dreckos though, and a single space heater can do that. No need for loops or anything complicated..
First you just send to oil refinery, which outputs petroleum at fixed 75C.
Second you can send to polymer press, which also outputs at fixed temperatures or you can just burn it in petroleum generator.
early on you can simply run polluted water and clean and then feed it to a sieve after wards. this should get rid of most of the heat of the refinery. if you're familiar with rather simple automation you could run a loop that reuses the water until its a certain temperature. the same idea can be applied to running an aquatuner for filtered water. build it in polluted water and run the clean water through the tuner.
if you need a quick and dirty solution to cool down your water supply you can go and store ice in either reservoirs you have for clean and polluted water. the smaller the package the faster it'll heat up and melt.
Early game, head to an ice dome and dig your way to wheezeworths. Now you got enough ice laying around. head to your water basin on the floor start making ice sculptures, instant 400kg water added and instant cooling.
Another way is to make a freezer with wheezeworths, run a pipe trough it and empty the coolled water in a seperated tank.
This man gets it!
A lot of people here mention automatization and oil while I'm looking for a much more primitive but functional system.
I've been doing a lot of experimenting in debug on making a very simple and relliable biome-powered water cooling system. I'll be posting my results soon.
https://steamcommunity.com/sharedfiles/filedetails/?id=1675070023
This is the most optimal configuration. But you can scale it however you'd like.
For example you don't have to you Wheezeworts and you don't have to use that many radiant pipes.
I don't understand why people even consider using this crappy thing unless you really need the hydrogen. People say it uses less water than the algae thing, which is true, but after it uses the water, it is GONE. The algae things literally give you back like... 98% of the water they use as polluted water if you use light bulbs.
I never used anything for active cooling but a few Wheezeworts in a sealed and insulated room. Later that room was filled with hydrogen and the pipes were replaced with radiant ones, but just wheezeworts are fine.
Now i have about 50 - 70 tanks full of water, 20 full of polluted water, a little polluted sea, a little clean sea, and a gigantic... maybe 20x20 reservoir full of clean water. I think all my dupes having divers lungs is a bit OP...
Algae runs out. That's why people use electrolyzers.
The diffuser especially burns through that green gold quick. The terrarium is more efficient and also reduces CO2, but it requires a lot more of them and a whole ungodly ♥♥♥♥♥♥♥ of labor to keep them running.
Maybe I'll try running a shine bug ranch with a bunch of terrariums inside it during this run. See if that helps my stocks last longer and reduces my heat buildup.
During my last run of about 500 cycles I simply stuck a bunch of wheezeworts in a row under my 10t tank of water, surrounded by insulated tile with metal tile between the worts and the water. Then I changed the insulation to ceramic, using the heat from the kiln making it to keep my pepper farm warm. Then I pumped the wheezewort room full of hydrogen to make it more effective. Just doing that kept the water cold enough to put into my berry farm and a sleet wheat farm, which was insulated and refrigerated with wheezeworts in a similar manner. Dupes loved the pepper bread too. You follow these steps and you'll get more cooling with each step of building the system. All you need to start are a couple of those glorious blue cheat carrots. Go dig explore and find them all and always print them if you're lucky enough to have the chance.
I did some dumb though, because I didn't route the pipes from the pump through the wheezewort+hydrogen room. Should have done that. Also shouldn't have dumped water from the steam geyser pool straight into the tank. Should have used it for electrolyzers like was mentioned earlier. If you are dumping hotter water into such a refrigerated tank, put the pump and hot water outlet on opposite sides, because the water will be cooler on the other side of the tank.
Like I said, I'm not that good. Hell that was the first game I made past 100 cycles and not have the colony collapsing from starvation, suffocation, lack of algae, lack of water, everyone crying, vomiting, beating things up, crapping themselves from food poisoning and dying of slimelung etc, etc, etc. Maybe they nerfed the game since the Cosmic upgrade. 500 cycles and nobody stressed and only one person caught slimelung, but they got better. I was very surprised, so I rolled a new game with higher difficulty settings. Lucky me this one has a cold slush geyser right under the temperate biome next to my power/engineering area. First geyser I found. I'm routing my clean water pipes from the siever through the cold polluted pool and it helps a bit. Haven't explored for cheat carrots yet. Still only cycle 56.
That setup is not effective at all. 1 pipe heats the other slowing the cooling by a huge amount.
example 1:
https://www.mupload.nl/img/vh8026r0d.jpg
example 2:
https://www.mupload.nl/img/z6hdvo.jpg
Hope it helps,
Cotaks
I did some testing with the design you suggested, budget wise your "no touching" method is definetly more cost efficient when it comes to radiant pipes.
Here is the test I ran using the same ammount of pipes with different setups:
https://i.imgur.com/jPuntP8.jpg
But, space-wise the "pipes touching" method is more efficient. It does end up cooling the water faster as seen in this test here:
https://i.imgur.com/ovy5Dwy.jpg
Sure the difference is small but its there.
Explanation: While the pipes touching do end up heating themselves up, they also end up cooling themselves faster. They also last cool longer than when separate.
https://i.imgur.com/kY7bOUS.jpg
Meaning, if you'd end up sending the water in short pulses you could have the "pipes touching" method be even more effective than what I've shown here.
Hope it helps,
Mathue24
Here's an extra test I ran with Wheezeworts.
Running the test with the same ammount of radiant pipes in a compact mode:
https://i.imgur.com/sljBSzZ.jpg
Here's same test running more pipes with them touching:
https://i.imgur.com/n83ziWL.jpg
TLDR: If you have the refined metal and want something more compact, don't be afraid to have the pipes toching.