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For example, you may have plane and train lines, both going from A to B. Plane ride takes 2 minutes with a waiting time of 4 minutes = 6 minute total travel time. Train ride takes 4 minutes with 1 minute of waiting = 5 minute total travel time. In this case passengers probably have no reason to take the plane, since it is also the more expensive choice.
At least this is the way I have understood it to work :) so there is no definitive answer to what the frequency on any line should be.
To expound on that, as I have mentioned in other posts, it is my belief that the 20 minutes rule for passengers still exists from Train Fever, albeit a more relaxed version. As such, when you increase frequency you are essentially increasing the range at which people can travel using your network (potentially). So if your train line has a 12 minute frequency with one train, that means it takes about 6 minutes to travel from one end to the opposite end of the line. It also means the average wait time will be about 6 minutes, zero wait time if they arrive at the station as the train arrives and 12 minutes waiting if they arrive just after the train leaves. So in this example the average trip time of your train line on it's own is 12 minutes. That leaves about 8 minutes total remaining for the person to travel to the train station from their starting point and to their final destination at the other end after getting off your train.
When you add a second train to the line, cutting the frequency down to (for simplicity sake let's say 6 minutes) 6 minutes, you are not reducing the time it takes the train to move from point A to point B, but you have cut the average wait time from 6 minutes down to 3 minutes. So the new average trip time of your train line is 3+6 = 9 minutes down from 12 minutes. That gives the passenger an additional 3 minutes total to get to/from their desired locations before and after using your train service, essentially extending the reach of your train stations, and hence, allowing more people to use your train line as it is now within a viable time limit for an increased amount of people who were perhaps living/shopping/working further across town.
Naturally of course, there still needs to be a physical path to and from your train stations to their places of origin and destinations by way of being in the catchment area of bus/tram lines that take them to the train station, or even just the catchment area of the train stations themselves for those that maybe walking to and from the stations.
Then there are also a couple other variables that are considered, such as the fast vs cheap prefrence of the people in the towns, as well as whether or not there is actually a physical open slot available for shopping and job trips in the locations your trains go to.
Freq (seconds) = (730 X vehicule capacity) / Demand -> (/60 for "in minutes")
It gives a near perfect 1:1 ratio of delivery in the right times (Minus acceleration, junctions and more importantly, city grow).
This rule can also be used to calculate how to maximise a Raw line (ie oil) by combining total demand of all (ie) 4-6 cities it will ship fuel to. OCD is satisfied here but then city keeps growing :)
- Cities on the other hands...
people want to get to work to other cities, building update themself, buliding are being destroyed by new roads or stations, it fluctuate a lot. Plus theres always the maximum time being accounted from the cumulative transport cycle of walk->bus->train->bus->walk...
Personally, I go with the flow, if people stacks in stations, I don't provide enough service, so either longer trains or more frequently.
Rough reference for inter-cities trains (with enough capacity to empty a station)
1850 : 12 min
1870 : 9 min
1900 : 6-3 min
1930+ :3 min
As for Intra-city bus line :
1850 : 60s
1900 : 30s
In A-B-C setup, B always have more passengers going both ways.
So adding an airport from A to C close the loop and makes A and C a new middle (like B used to be).
=^.^=