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You could try and see if windows is detecting some kind of issue prior to the shutdown (though i doubt it) you could see that with windows event viewer (word of warning about the event viewer, it will show every error or warning that your OS has had over its lifespan, most of which is meaningless, but it can ocasionally give some good information about why your computer is having problems), however if its a power related issue it will likely not show anything besides a warning that the system has recovered from a unexpected shutdown.
Given your post about being afraid of damaging components, i will assume that you bought this pc pre-built, if that is the case, and the computer is still under its warranty, i'd recommend returning it to the store you bought it from.
If the computer itself is not under warranty, individual parts may still be under warranty (a good Power supply unit for example will usually have a 3~5 year warranty), so check the warranty of your computer and its parts if you still have it.
However here's something you can do on your own that COULD solve the issue.
Clean your computer, dust build up on the computer could be causing shorts, or causing individual components in your computer to overheat and this could cause a system wide shutdown, so clean your computer (its very easy and simple to do, get an air duster online, check on google for some tips on what to do and what not to do).
If cleaning your computer doesn't solve the issue, you will need to troubleshoot your pc in order to find out whats the issue, you could start by replacing the power supply (the most likely culprit of power failures on a computer).
https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/2028504/windows-kernel-event-id-41-error-the-system-has-rebooted-without-clean
Today the PC shut down while in a mission with Yennifer, out on the sea looking for a magical ship wreckage. Twice in roll I got shut down.
Also, the Geforce Experience was downloading a new video driver on the background while that happened.
if you have any kind of overclock in your graphics card or cpu, you could try and removing that overclock to reduce power draw. based on your description of the issue it seems to only happen when the system is under heavy load, so reducing the amount of power your system is pushing could help.
Display driver BSODs do not leave a Kernel Power 41 EventID.
That's strictly power chain related. It could be the PSU (or it's 24-pin mains or 8-pin EPS 12V+ to the mobo need reseated), the AC cable, any pigtails/surge protectors it's plugged into or even the wall outlet/wiring circuit of the home.
The PSU is usually the likely culprit, but sometimes it's just a bad pigtail or wall outlet that is worn out and allows the pins of an AC plug to wiggle in their slots and momentarily lose contact.
A power connector is loose. It might be from wall to PSU or any power connector from PSU to some component(main ATX, CPU power, GPU power)
Your PSU is overheating and protection kicks in shutting it down. Dust cleaning PSU. If your PSU is old,like 5 years it can get a decent dust buildup, more so if you live in a dusty environment.
Ofc in both cases reducing power draw(lower GPU power target in example) might help to avoid the issue, but doesn't solve it.
It can be dust shorting or upsetting something in the motherboard, psu or gpu, but dust shorts are really really odd. Dust needs to be very well placed and in that case wouldn't be an issue related to load, it just could happen any time so I don't think this is the case.
You can also put you hand to the air output of the PSU. Shutdown due to overheating triggers at 120C or more since PSU components are rated at 105C operating tempetature, so the air being exhausted from the PSUA should be really hot in an overheating event. Have you also checked that the PSU fan spins when you play TW3 for a while? If doesn't spin is overheating most probably, you truly need an overkill PSU in order to be able to sustain 300-400W load passively.