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Not as powerful video but fast CPU to help keep FPS up.
Turn off shadows and also, turn off reflections.
Your likely going to want to look up LATENCY MONITOR also known as LATENCYMON program, you can often find this on tech websites / PC hardware websites, or in forums of those sites. Try to find it somewhere where it won't give you spyware or make unwanted changes to your PC (like Softonic downloader does, avoid that site).
Since shadows are done on the CPU, and may be 1000 draw calls by themselves in a dense scene, shut those off or make it 'player only' which shouldn't hurt too badly. Reflections demand a lot from video speed, but also create an addition weight of draw calls, too, at-least what shadows do - so turning those off is smart! SSAO is soft-shadow ambient occlusion, this is usually done on the video card so it may or may not help.
TURN OFF THE USER INTERFACE WITH CTRL+U (toggles it) and use in-car camera, it's going to net you a good 10FPS.
About your hardware:
While the CPU is fast enough to run the game, it may not be fast enough to process all the draw calls going to your video. Each texture that is rendered on any object(s) is ONE draw call. When you get 4000+ draw calls PER frame that's 4000 ops sent by the CPU to the GPU, things start to dive below 60fps (on a system like mine, about 4300 or so is 60fps, higher = less). Most systems will comfortably handle 3000~3500. Upgrading your video card will do little to help this issue, and you will end up being bottlenecked on the CPU core-speed. Single core turbo speed does little to help, the all-core turbo speed is what matters (and you cannot overclock FSB like you could on X58 systems and Core 2 setups, on Z/H6x~Z/97 - including your Z87 setup).
If you can find a used CPU that does decent clocks like a 4770K or 4790K for under 150$ it might be a worth-while investment - IF you have a good cooler already. You need a huge air cooler to even get more than 100~300mhz overclock on the above-mentioned CPUs. It would otherwise be wise to replace the system entirely (aside of video card and SSD's) if you cannot get performance under control, however there isn't much to upgrade to. Surely an 8086K OC'ed to 5ghz is great, but is it worth the cost? - not really.
This game is early access, so honestly, if you can wait a while, maybe they'll be able to do something, or implement better like-object batching (of draw calls), as-per the issue with this game engine slowing to a crawl above 4000 draw calls, messing of the FPS badly in the process. I can hit 4000 draw calls rendering a 3 or 4 block scene in a city. What would a whole map do?
*draw calls - each texture on each object, like I explained above, but the reflectivity or specular texture is an additional draw call, as is the normal / bump mapping texture. So it's 3 calls per texture, per object. This *REALLY* slows things down quickly. I've actually not modded for a game that had a game engine that went under water as quickly as this game does, come to think of it. However, I love the possibilities that can happen when you take time to mod, so I tolerate it to a point. That being said, there's lots of room for optimization (and the interface is being upgraded for 0.14.x when it releases), so let's keep fingers crossed and hope for the best.
I wouldn't throw money at the issue just yet. Keep your machine around for a while yet, another year or two at-least and see what AMD's 2019 release of 7nm does to the CPU and GPU markets (though you have a 1080 card, should be fine for a while, considering my RX 480 8g card is just dandy for 1080p rendering on max, yours should be fine).
Keep fingers crossed!
EDIT: Do look for LATENCYMON program to check your latency, if it is above 400~500us on there, something is seriously amiss. It should NEVER be 800+. Higher is worse. This is often ratified by removing and replacing the Nvidia driver, using display driver uninstaller (DDU, available from Guru3D via the video card utilities download page), restarting, running it again to be safe, then restarting a 2nd time, installing a new version of the Nvidia driver, and then restarting and testing the game out, then seeing if your latency is down/FPS is up. fixing this simple issue may give you a great benefit to FPS.
In terms of bottlenecking: I am planning on upgrading my CPU anyways, but at the moment I want to wait for the Zen 2 release from AMD to compare it with Intels new 9th Gen CPU. I also don't have the money right now to upgrade my PC completely at one time, I just got a good deal on the 1080ti
btw: I'm not stupid, of course I know it's a slow CPU and a bottleneck for this GPU, but in this game I was confused by the low load on the CPU, so I thought it could also be something else (as I already kinda mentioned in my initial post).
I would personally hold out a good year or a little more until next summer, when 7nm CPU's (Zen 2 as mentioned), and the 9th-gen intel stuff that will see light in October (next month, and months following in the season will have more chips). Compare the two as you said, and you should be able to make a nice informed decision. Also on the cusp of reality is a more-than-8-core AMD Zen CPU for mainstream boards. How they will go about making this chip a reality, if it's a reality at all, I couldn't be 100% certain to tell you, but truth be told, it would be a nice chip for this game.
That having been said, it would be foolish to upgrade now if you can tolerate the 40fps range of stuff for a bit longer, with so much tech around the corner.
And for the person with mentioning bottlenecking, yes, it can be a processor bottleneck with any processor in 3~3.5ghz base clock range - even the first iteration of AMD ZEN can do that, especially a Ryzen 1700 CPU with a 3.0ghz base clock. Some of this is solved easily by removing and replacing drivers if you have a latency issue with your 1080ti (these are documented with the 1080ti being specifically prone to getting it via drivers, I just solved one issue of this in the last week where it cause the card to run at about 40~60% the performance of my RX 480 8gb Radeon card, on the BeamNG forums). Upon solving it, the man went from having 25~27 FPS to 50~60FPS - huge difference! He was about to replace the whole computer when he did not have to mess with anything but the drivers. Throwing money at it doesn't always solved the problem as much as we'd like to think.
So yes, if you've checked latency monitor and it says your golden, think about upgrading next year unless you're fine with the 40fps at that point, but 100% for-sure wait for Zen 2 and the intel 9xxx series of CPU's to make an informed intelligent decision.
--Cheers!
My i3 can reach 60 frames, 50 in a city with the bus
Isn't it though? I mean windows shows CPU usage based on all cores. If the guys got 4 cores and two of them are at 100% while the rest have idle loads of 2-ish percent, windows is going to show 54-ish percent usage. If that program can't use more than two cores then it will take a performance hit from the CPUs lacking per-core performance, even though windows only shows half utilization.
And it makes perfect sense. Xeons don't have the per core performance your looking for to run a game like this. An upgrade to something modern with good core performance will help his performance a ton.
All good points mate. OP can you download HWmonitor (or similar) and tell us what ALL cores are running at when under full load? Would help with diagnosis.
The gpu is sitting around doing nothing practically, while the cpu is being constantly worked trying to catch up to the gpu.
I've noticed more extreme bottlenecking in other games like Ghost Recon Wildlands, where my CPU is hitting 100% on all cores, while the GPU sits at 75%. So I'll need to upgrade my CPU in the near future anyways. Until then I need to deal with lower fps in some games.