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Omega Force/Koei takes a lot of creative liberties in the games. There is more knowledge about some figures (Cao Cao, Sun Quan, Liu Bei, etc.) versus some more obscure individuals.
Cao Ren would actually be Ren Cao, with Ren being the first/personal name and Cao being the family name. I have no idea what's up with Cao Cao in that regard, lol.
So females with just one name are most likely
a. Fictional such as Diaochan.
b. Have no strong family/clan ties (or as Pax Augusta mentioned; their family name might be lost to history or they were just not important enough to write it down).
On a side note, Yueying's family name is Huang if I remember correctly. I don't think there's any relation to Huang Gai or Huang Zhong, but I could be wrong.
Even in ROTK, many of the female characters aren't actually named (for instance, it's mentioned that Lu Bu had a wife and at least one daughter, but they are not named at all.)
EDIT: Yueying Huang has a SINGLE mention in historical texts, and it was added two centuries after the text was written as an annotation. Her father was Huang Chengyan, who is also mentioned in ROTK.
And an off topic comment: The novel isn't super cheezy and dumb like the games cutscenes are. I love the games, but story isn't their strong point.
This game made me interested in chinese history. I noticed there's a movie about the Battle of Chibi called "Red Cliff". Did anyone watch that? Is it good?
For Zhurong/Zhu Rong, either works, since she's fictional and tribal folk would often have only their given name.
Huang Yueying and Bu Lianshi get the short end of the stick, though; their family names are clearly recorded, yet Koei doesn't want to use them for some reason.
As for the rest, whose names are not recorded, Diao Chan, Da Qiao, Xiao Qiao, Zhen Ji is how their names should be spelt. It makes no sense to mash their names together. In the cases of the Qiaos, Da refers to "bigger" and Xiao refers to "smaller", since their given names aren't recorded. In Zhen Ji's, "Ji" refers to Lady. Diao Chan might get a pass since she's fictional.
Wang Yi fought too. Dunno about the novel, as I haven't finished reading it yet, but historically-speaking, she has personally taken to battle against Ma Chao's forces.
It's good as a movie on its own, but it has A LOT of folkloric elements attached to it and is more based around the ROTK novel than history itself. Cao Cao is villified throughout the movie. Another good ROTK-based movie is "The Assassins" (which is a lot more down to earth), and the Three Kingdoms TV series (both the 1994 and 2010 series).
But if you want to learn about the actual history of the Later Han and Three Kingdoms, I recommend you check out the translated Sanguozhi biographies at kongming.net (not all of them are translated yet, though), and Rafe De Crespigny's writings, which you could easily find by looking him up.
Red Cliff is an okay movie. I enjoyed it, but I wouldn't watch it again. The novel is super epic, and that battle takes place quite a ways in. To do that battle correctly would require the viewer to be really invested in the story. That doesn't work well for a one-off movie. So instead of even trying to capture the real impact of the battle, they made the movie a more lighthearted popcorn flick. As a popcorn flick its pretty good, but its no Romance of the Three Kingdoms.
From what I read on Koei wiki that's not true. Those names were divided into 2 parts in earlier games but they were joined together recently as it turned out that it was a spelling error on Koei's part.
This conversation reminds me that the name Japan is a mispronunciation of a mispronunciation and so on until it became quite different from Nippon. I heard that on the BBC World Service, so it must be true.