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The 2 cylinders are called the buffer and the recuperator. You can find a good drawing here.[nigelef.tripod.com] The buffer contains oil and the piston head traveling in it has openings where the oil can flow through. The size of these openings will dictate the resistance the piston encounters when moving. Either the piston or the buffer itself is fixed to the moving parts, while the other is fixed to the carriage. This causes a force decelerating the recoiling mass.
The recuperator is the part that brings the barrel and breach forward. Different types exist, but they all use compressed air somewhere, sometimes with oil in between to transfer the motion to a more convenient place. See the image I linked above for a type using oil in between.
I hope this helps.
Omg thank you so much for the information, dude! :D