I seem to be having the opposite problem with Oblivion gates.

[ƬᗩԲԲվ]

A good amount of people reported gates popping up before Kvatch. I've done that quest and have no gates anywhere. I need sigil stones :[

[drakeloreroar]

There's 10 guaranteed locations that spawn after Kvatch, and 10 more that spawn near the end of the story. Other than those 20 the other 80 are RNG if they even spawn or not and the odds of them spawning change with main story progression (with the highest rate being during the quest "Paradise" and the lowest rate being right after completing that quest). After "Light the Dragonfires" gates will no longer spawn and any gates that didn't get closed will remain open (and inaccessible) indefinitely.

[Sholomar]

Advance the main story just a couple of missions to where you take the dumbass I forget his name I'm at work to the mountain stronghold at that point all the gates will reappear you won't advance the story much don't worry.

You do this by taking the amulet and giving it to him at which point another half hour and you'll be done and your Gates will be back.

[Varanus]

Here you go sir, one Oblivion gate.
:)

[Bahamut]

Just closing the Kvatch gate is not what triggers the initial round of 10 + 15 random gates spawning. You need to have completed the quest 'Find the Heir' -- find Martin and take him about to Weynon Priory. This also requires you to complete the quest 'Breaking the Siege of Kvatch' but not 'The Battle for Castle Kvatch' quest.

After the quest 'Find the Heir', a total of 25 gates can be open (10 fixed spawn plus 15 random at 25% chance).
After the quest 'Dragon Shrine', a total of 60 gates can be open (10 fixed spawn, 10 fixed outside of cities -- 8 immediately after the quest, and 2 others during later points in the main quest, plus 40 random at 50% chance).
After the quest 'Paradise', a total of 20 gates can be open (with random chance set to 25%) -- If there are more than 20 gates open at this point, no new ones will spawn.
Upon completion of the main quest, ALL gates will be closed (barring any bugs) and no gates will spawn (spawn chance set to 0%).

This is all assuming they didn't mess with the spawning of the gates from the OG Oblivion. This means that you can, in any single playthrough, get a total of 60 sigil stones.

For more information on where these fixed gates are, check the UESP for oblivion [en.uesp.net]