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i basically use the Uk's real life road hierarchy which goes like this:
A roads should only ever connect to motorway and B roads (and other A roads via roundabouts)
B roads should only ever connect to A roads and local roads (and other B roads via traffic light or stop sign depending on the intersection)
local roads should only ever connect to other local roads (and B roads via only stop sign or no signage at all again depending on intersection)
don't build on A roads with the exception of services
B roads is where you want commercial & offices, services such as clinics etc
local roads is where you want parks & residential, services such as elementary schools
to get proper lanes in vanilla just use lane mathematics. 3-1 = 2. so if you have a slip road going left (or right if american) from a 3 lane road, make sure the road after are only 2 lane. that way you'll have a dedicated lane going left and 2 going forward, then when the slip road comes back onto the road later, the roads after that slip road can go back to 3 lane. this keeps traffic flowing smoothly without bumping into eachother and getting muddled up in lane changes.
on top of that, public transport. pedestrian paths that go places, and cycle paths. i make all my B roads cycle paths and all my A roads bus lanes (so they're 2 lane + 1 extra lane for buses and emergency vehicles). i'll also have cycle path for the main local roads running from B road to B road.
putting cargo rails close to your main commercial centers and industrial parks helps too as truck traffic will be limited to those places then and not jamming up your streets instead :)
i only have 30k population at the moment so nothing too impressive but i do have 94% traffic flow because of all this so :) only 82% traffic flow before i plonked cargo trains down
I tend to follow the hierarchical example described above which certainly works well for the size of city I grow. Max I've ever reached is just above 100,000 population. Sure, I just junctions that are red, but they are still flowing, not stationary.
That's your biggest issue, starting over. You will have to figure out the problem, or post a save and we can look at the city and advise you of your issue(s).
But simply, traffic is a problem, because of imbalance. Each building creates traffic. Each building has a purpose. You need to keep this in balance so each building fulfills its need.
You want job worker ratios as even as possible. 12 blocks of low density residential to 12 blocks of low density commerce and/or specialized industry together.
Same for high density, you need 12 blocks of high density residential to a 12 blocks of high density commerce and/or generic industry.
To reduce freight, keep commerce/industry next to each other and on the highway. This makes it easier to move freight around and keeps it better out of residential. Also, make sure to keep an eye on import/exports. Especially exports, as they are the worst offender.
Remember, shopping is optional. This means commerce isn't needed at all, which means industry isn't needed at all. So don't get caught up on building commerce and following the blue demand bar. Instead you can build offices to meet the industry demand, then you only need to supply residential.
But I highly recommend posting your saved game and we can advise different ways to tackle your traffic issues.
I hit the vehicle limit a few days ago and made all the mass transit free in order to correct that (vanilla - no mods or assets) My traffic was at 73 then and now even though it SEEMS like there is much less traffic and indeed many less vehicles in use, i am more in the red than before. A puzzle. I am at 203,000 now and made it past a "citizens are too smart and won't work at low paying jobs thing -- too many colleges -- by defunding the schools some. But not sure I will get too much more population from here on out (again no "HELP" from mods).
But it is my best and biggest city so far. That counts :D.
Also, don't make your intersections too close together. Traffic stopped at one intersection will back up and block the previous intersection.
Similarly, don't make highway interchanges too close. Traffic entering from one interchange has to cross traffic wanting to exit the next interchange. For this reason, I don't like cloverleaf interchanges. I like to have all exiting traffic exit before any incoming traffic enters.
(meh idk i reloaded save and now it seems to have stopped. I will post screenshot if i have new issue)
too much import = not enough industry (not enough generic industry (goods), agricultural, ore, oil and forest products)
too much export = too much industry (generic industry, agricultural, oil, ore, and forest is producing too much)
Keep an eye on the Circular Chart in the import/export
I'm playing base game btw, if you have the industries DLC I can't help on that sorry
As I progress from one city to the next I find myself no longer building highways, even clearing existing highways from what's provided. I leave highways out of my road hierarchy almost all of the time. With TM:PE you can adjust speed limits on any type of road which is a very valuable feature.
Placing toll booths as far out on the highways as your unlocked areas will allow will stem the flow and slow down the traffic entering your city, at least until it becomes more manageable. But your traffic % may suffer, if that matters.
Primarily I use 2+2 medium roads everywhere until the road meets junctions where options exist. Then increasing the lanes to meet the options and using timed traffic lights and lane connectors to ensure all lanes are used as the traffic gets divided. Traffic lights allow traffic to build up (like loading a gun) followed by a controlled timed release. As the previous tranche has all but dissipated the new gets the green light. Numerous junctions can be set to work together in unison. Once working it is beautiful to watch, very therapeutic, but always under scrutiny for further tweaks.
Traffic and it's management is why I play this game. I love managing heavy traffic and having massive industrial areas teetering on gridlock. This is my Oil Industry area and it's almost all in the red, but flow is still 77%. All that matters is that it all keeps moving.
https://steamcommunity.com/sharedfiles/filedetails/?id=2260928737
/rant
If traffic is your main concern and you play on PC, you really should use Traffic Manager. It helps you solve so many problems. Failing that, there are tricks you can use to help. Check YouTube, there are tuts available.
Depending on how long you been playing, try a few cities with unlimited money so you can change big sections of the road network and experiment with different designs.
Check out this city, what is unique about it is trams are the only real public transport in the city, I added a small three stop monorail but it gets limited usage. The trams also are making a profit and being used by over 10% of the population. The traffic is 85% or higher. TM PE is NOT used.
https://steamcommunity.com/sharedfiles/filedetails/?id=2258913166
^^ so true. i started panicking once because my traffic flow was 77%, i was half getting prepared to demolish swaths of neighbourhoods to put in new arterials because i checked carefully the problematic intersections
turns out its because i have traffic lights at a couple of intersections i knew was going to be busy (i like traffic lights). there was no jam, it wasnt backed up. they just had to wait until green, but everything was flowing and on green they were getting to where they wanted to go.
that's when i learned to stop caring as much. i keep checking out of habit though im trying to get out of.
also another trick i found that works OP, when you want to force them to use a different road but don't want to use mods or cheats.. TOLL BOOTHS. at first i hated them i didnt see the point, the maintenance is literally twice of any profit you make. but i noticed people will deliberately avoid them overtime.
at least half the traffic going down that road i incorrectly placed at the start now instead goes around to the main arterial on the other side where there isn't a toll booth.
That is interesting. I watched some Biffa Videos. (probably ALL his traffic fix videos, for 6 month straight about 2-3 videos a day- auto save- sipp a tea !) and wrote down some basics that he did all the time. Like lane mathematics, use public transport, roundabouts!!! I also never have just one area of one sort. Mix it. Residents and shopping (Gewerbegebiet) . Also, give many options to get from A to B. Like from two areas next to each other.
It’s also not just roads but also city layout. Other YouTube have great content too...
Just hit 120.000 ( my second city) traffic constantly at 83%. Once at 68 I spent 3 h fixing it. And got it going again.
Biffa inspired me to get the game and helped me a lot to have fun!