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FS2024 is known for breaching VRAM limits at times. Monitor VRAM usage with tools like GPU-Z to confirm this. When it starts stuttering check if the VRAM usuage has approached 100%. If so, this is certainly the problem.
VRAM overflow is when the sim wants to allocate more video memory then it is available to the GPU. In this state the GPU starts using system memory. This is a safety mechanism supposed to avoid a crash of the whole system. However regular RAM is much much slower than VRAM and that is resulting in significant performance impact.
The problem is that how much VRAM the sim allocates varies a lot depending on situation. This actually suggest a high level of optimization. But the problem is, when you configure your graphics in a state where not much VRAM is needed, you may risk to fall into this trap and increase the graphics settings too much while still getting good performance. But by increasing graphics settings you may still have good performance, but you also reduce the overhead of available VRAM which may run out under stress conditions and you may run into VRAM overflow with these settings that are giving you good performance most of times.
To cure this, you must reduce graphics settings. The biggest VRAM hitters are texture resolution and Terrain LOD. At busy airports Object LOD can also be a significant VRAM hitter.
If you can confirm that you are running short of VRAM, I would suggest try reducing texture quality first. Don't use ULTRA. This almost doubles VRAM usage, with pretty much no any visual quality gane. Speaking for myself I see absolutely no difference between MIDDLE and ULTRA, but MIDDLE costs me only half amount of VRAM. Try setting this to HIGH or MIDDLE, this should already fix your problem. If it still comes up sometimes, consider to reduce Terrain LOD as well.
The more advanced performace tweak is using tools that will dynamically adjust your settings when VRAM usuage approaches critical threshholds. Such a program is AutoFPS in combination of GPU-Z for example.
AutoFPS runs in the background and it can effectively prevent falling into VRAM overflow state by automatically reducing graphical quality when VRAM usage is approaching 100%. It can also reduce Terrain LOD at lower altitudes to further improve performance when taxiing or landing on busy airports. Usually when flying very low you don't really need high Terrain LOD as you don't see so far anyway. AutoFPS requires GPU-Z to be installed and running for monitoring VRAM usuage. It works also without GPU-Z but it has limited features then.
I can highly recommend using AutoFPS with GPU-Z. This allows you to use relatively high graphics settings and it will automatically reduce graphical quality under stress conditions when you are risking to fall into VRAM overflow state.
Another trick is to empty out your graphics card shader cache. My suspicion has for a long time been that there are shader issues with some of the airport textures. Cleaning out your cache may or may not resolve these, it at least seems to resolve stutters near airports. Generally, you'll get corrupted shaders when either the sim updates, and/or you update frame generation, such as what's used by DLSS.