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Are you asking what range is considered long for a shotgun? What range does my sniper do minimum damage? What do the dots on my crosshair mean?
All I know is that you want random numbers.
I can argue that the short range is where most weapons still deal maximum damage. Medium range is where you start getting drop off, so around 20m to 50m, and long range is anything up. Though that's specifically for infantry fights.
For tanks and vehicles the ranges are usually in 100m increments, at least that's how I figure them.
As a rule, I like to use damage drop as a measure for range, since that's basically the only way to calculate "long or short" ranges.
super close: <8m (shotgun range)
Close: 8-15/20m (smg/cqc specific guns)
Medium: 20-60m (most medium ROF guns & some faster firing guns)
Long: 60+m (really slow / semi auto guns)
As you have noticed, the game likes to use words like "long range", "short range" and "medium range" to describe guns.
As posters above me have said, these words are not specific designations but just a rough guide to help you understand the weapon.
- "Long Range" guns either do exactly the same damage at any range (eg. Tomoe) or do most of their damage at long range but still lose a little bit (eg. most sniper rifles and battle rifles). These weapons are often balanced to be relatively weaker up close OR are hard to control so it's hard to hit things when you fire fast at distant targets.
- "Short Range" guns usually have a bullet which does very high damage until it's travelled a few metres from you and then it suddenly loses a lot of damage in a steep drop-off and then keeps going the rest of the way with a very low damage, so you have to work out the distance that it suddenly drops-down the damage. (eg. most SMGs)
- "Medium Range" guns are like "Short Range" guns but they lose damage more gradually as they travel, so they still start losing damage after a few metres but they don't lose it all at once, it tails off gradually over a few dozen metres. (eg. Carbines, Assault Rifles)
If you're unsure about any gun, go to VR Training or Koltyr and you can try anything in the whole game for free as much as you want without having to unlock it. In VR Training there's target dummies out to lots of different ranges so you can see how many shots you have to hit on someone at different ranges to kill them. (eg. Many SMGs kill in 6-9 shots up close, but after a dozen or so metres they suddenly take up to 15 shots to kill, you can try this for yourself.)
- "High Velocity Ammo" just means that a bullet starts losing damage sooner, but loses it more slowly so it does more damage further away.
- "Soft Point Ammo" just means that the bullet starts losing damage later, but loses it just as fast and you have to lead your shots a little more.
tl;dr go try things for yourself in VR Training! Everything's free there!
If it starts falling off past 10m then it's probably short range.
If it falls off past 25m~35m then it's probably medium.
Then there's the weapons that have no damage falloff at all, or are designed to do so much damage it's always a one-shot headshot kill. Those are long range.
Short, effective SMG range - effective carbine and LMG range
Medium, effective carbine and LMG range - effective battle rifle and scout rifle range
Long, effective scout rifle and battle rifle range - bolt action and semi auto sniper rifle range.
special case weapons not included like NSX series weapons.
Dont hate me for it. hate the game