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Hoplites were very effective IRL until the Romans came along and figured out how to kick their behinds into the after life.
Hoplite treatment in Total War is IMO fairly historical and that reflects their less than usefulness post Roman.
Hoplites have a a bonus vs large, which would make them better than swords against cavalry except that most swords get precursors or pilla and hoplites don't.
Hoplites do have decent charge bonuses though, so they can actually do some damage to sword infantry if you get your charges in. Hoplite factions are also usually pike factions, and pikes will rip swords apart when the swords are caught in front. Many hoplite factions also get easy access to shock cavalry and hard hitting missile units, which can also be used to wreck units pinned down by hoplites.
Some hoplites are better than others. Most elite hoplites can hold their own against swords of similar cost and Sparta in particular is the equal of Rome in an infantry fight with anything Spartan Hoplite level and above. Sparta is actually one of my picks against Rome in 16000 fund multiplayer battles and I think I have a 100% success rate so far.
I would be hesitant fight Rome with Pontus. If you do fight Rome with Pontus, you will need to rely on your elite shock cav, bronze shields and chariots to pull a win.
Nevertheless, spear units which have both that ability and throw javelins are way superior to any kind of hoplites. In addition to this, you must understand well how that mechanic works, since as long as fire at will is activated, units will perform worse when they receive the charge (they wouldn't be properly braced).
I'm currently fighting Rome during my Sparta playthrough. Pikeman are extremely useful for stopping a charge, I always carry a couple in my stacks. Hoplites are good for holding positions and, if you are clever enough, to bait and box an opponent in. As Sparta can easily get Super Heavy Hoplites, their melee defence and morale are high. In urban maps, I am able to hold a passages with a couple spartan hoplites against a blob charge. Using cavalry to attack isolated ranged units after the initial charge is also a bonus.
With abilities enabled, it further improves their defensive focus. They can be easily flanked, so grouping them together on offset angles helps mitigate that. Javelin units should be used to quickly respond to units flanking. Citizen Cavalry is a good all-rounder, just not against heavy+ units. IF and only IF spear units are engaged with hoplites or other units, then you can charge with them.
Hoplites core focus/ability is the phalanx/phalanges. It focuses on defence and using spears/polearms to keep opponents at range. Historically, Macedonian cavalry were able to quickly flank and attack the rear of a phalanx, quickly rendering it useless.
Rome did adopt this tactic, but after discovering it's flaws developed and adopted a three line formation known as the "Legion". After Rome conquered Greece, any and all Greek units raised would adopt this tactic. Having said that, it wasn't cast away, it was replaced with the Macedonian phalanx. 8 rows across and 16 ranks deep, it's main focus was the bulk/grouping of pikemen/hoplites. Typically, the first several ranks would lower and lock pikes, making it foolish to attack from the front. The extra ranks had pikes at an incline to make ready if needed.
So to conclude, only use the phalanx when you KNOW you cannot be flanked easily and able to cover your rear, such as urban maps. If you do use pikes as the first unit of contact, then back it up with hoplites.
Edit: I am a bit of history dork, so I know my stuff.
Go to strong hoplite based army formation for creaming the AI:
[Cav swords hoplites pikes hoplites swords cav]
[artillery]
Those are two distinguished lines there but I want to point out that this formation focuses on a strong center and intends to mash up the enemy all at the center with the pikes and slowly begin closing them in on at least three sides until the cavalry gets cleared up, at which point it’s 4. The way to do that is to keep the pikes slightly more forward then the rest of the line. The AI will charge because of the artillery and pile right into the closest units which are the pikes. The pikes hold their position against massive amounts of men and essentially just wear them out. The hoplites are on the sides because they are slightly more maneuverable and not as prone to getting flanked and may find themselves holding the line too. The sword infantry will be even further back from them to ensure they don’t get wrapped up in a fight. Basically just wait a while until the enemy is tired from fighting your phalanx units and then circle around with the swords and cavalry. Really easy and effective against AI. I’ve used it to beat basically anything when I played as Macedon with DEI mod and on hard. Although I reverted the battle difficulty to normal.
It was so effective against AI that it make me think that artillery needs to be nerfed and the AI response to it needs to be corrected. It’s only easy to bait them into that situation because you have a single artillery unit and all the AI does is rush forward as fast as they can. I think artillery should be made to hit specific locations and take long time and ranging shots to change locations. It’s more realistic and it would make them not very effective in the field which is also more realistic. Because they are not as decisive in the field, then there would be no need for the AI to just panic and order an all out charge from across the map.
I know you possibly talk about stock game, cant say anything about that, have not played that in years. If you like pikes to works well and want to play hellenic faction, give DeI a try... however it is more complex compared to stock game.
I am in the middle of an Ardiaei campaign which forces you to rely on hoplites and combined with a flank of Illyrian Marines (basically Thureos Spears) and hidden Illyrian Raiders to go round the flanks they're invaluable. The Raiders get most of the kills, even though they're a 400 gold unit because the enemy units get tired fighting the hoplites.
Hoplites alone will just get worn down eventually, especially against swords. But in hoplite wall with flanks guarded they'll fight for a really long time.