How do you apply status effects and power surge?

[qork]

Hello new player and not figured out how this works yet. I see armour sets have buffs such as increase burn damage and increase chance of power surge but how do you trigger these effects to happen to begin with? Many thanks for the helpful replies

[Vinnolo]

some weapons have these effects by default, check their properties/ descriptions, also some stuff like grenades might apply it, like molotov applies burning