What is the armour progression for each class as you progress through the game?

[Zereph]

Melee, Ranged, Mage, Warlock/Summoner?

[Noop]

Just use whatever you find, rush into galaxite gear and then get the build going you actually want to play.
Don't really see a reason to use any of the early game sets unless they have a specific thing that can't be done better later. Like if you really wanted to play a pet build you could go for wildwarden (although I do not recommend doing that^^).

[Ellonus]

Honestly I feel like there isn't a true straightforward progression
Once I got phantom spark I used range for the rest of the game but I found that armor for ranged is really nonexistent. Meanwhile, melee has 1 million different armor sets and yet is completely useless as an archetype

I just used whatever until I got the Godsent armor from the desert temples which carried me for the rest of the game and can be used with any archetype

[Martial Autist]

Early-game the bonuses are quite small so unless you want to use minions the set doesn't matter, as long as you raise your health and armor as you progress through the biomes. Basically anything goes until azeos' wilderness as long as you are at least upgrading as you go. Only the mid-to-late game really requires decision making.

Melee and ranged is anything in tier order (copper > tin > iron) and once past the wall I tend to go for scarlet set > paladin or galaxite set (optional) > scarab set. With crit chance and crit damage accessories/pet/food. As for weapons, post-malugaz I use ritual dagger and blowdart, replace ritual dagger for octarine axe after that, replace blowpipe for phantom spark after that, and finally add the galaxite dagger to my arsenal.

For accessories I go with polished copper cross necklace and two mold rings, then replace those mold rings with polished golden spike rings, and finally replace whatever off-hand I have with the concealed blade. At that point I've stacked enough crit to be able to switch my armor set out for pure damage, hence the switch from paladin/galaxite to scarab. There are of course more options, but I find this a good way to double-dip into both weapon types throughout the playthrough and make a well-rounded character. If anything it is a bit too OP.

Mage and warlock are a bit less straightforward. The early-game is pretty simple; just use the mage or summon gear available to you, if summon stick with bat tome (level one up once you get the upgrade bench, keep one at minimum level for later). Ideally you want to use a summon set with bat tome as well as a magic weapon so you can level both skills for later. Late-game go for a magelock hybrid and focus on summon and magic related gear/food for minion capacity and magic damage. Using unleveled bats (lower mana cost, same duration, late-game summon damage is negligible) to get as much magic barrier as you can which you can convert into a flat damage bonus for your magic.

Pure mage underperforms late-game compared to some of the alternatives, and pure summoner doesn't really exist past the early-game. Despite available sets giving the impression that these are all distinct playstyles, hence your question. So in summary; you'll want to go either some form of melee/ranged hybrid, or magelock hybrid. Keeping an eye on the aforementioned requirements depending on which route you go.

I hope our answers clarify things a bit. ^^