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Depends on the mass of the round, velocity and mass of the launching platform. Also an electromagnetic mass driver would produce little recoil that could not be counteracted by thrusters.
Actually lasers are most imprecise weapons without magic being involved (and excluding non-sense weapons like particle beams). Because of focus distance - you need to have correct and precise distance to target or your shot will deal no damage even if hit target. Even at point blank distance they will be very vulnerable to ECM (even more the missiles as they have near-miss correction).
The Expanse actually deals with this very well. In s5 when the Rocinante (a corvette) uses its railgun you can see its thrusters fire to counteract the recoil of firing. Really nice touch given that it happens in the space of seconds and most people would never notice it happen.
Umm... depends on the engagement range, available delta-v budget and whether you have squishy meatbags to keep alive.
People assume ships can dodge indefinitely for free. They cannot. Railguns can get round this by being area effect weapons too. Shotguns would, in principle, be very effective in space so long as you are firing in a direction you really don't care about.
Except the Roci's railgun isn't built in line with the centre of mass, so only using the main engine would still have it spinning whenever it fired.
How you're imagine them being "area weapon" in space? At point blank distance about 1-5 km? Lol. Sure-sure, but how you're planning to survive enemy missiles long enough to reach it? :)
Railgun main advantage is major resistance to ECM while lasers are deadly vulnerable to it + ability to hit target on any range with same efficiency, thing that lasers are unable to do.
Plus while it's incredible hard - we still could have a small thrusters on railgun bullets allowing us to correct targetting mistakes if enemy is lacking strong ECM.
And final advantage of railguns - impact shock effects. While it's very easy to defend against lasers by combo of reflective dust launchers and ablative armor, currently it's seems to be impossible to make efficient ablative armor against kinetic weapons without bloating ship A LOT.
Honestly - lasers are unsuited to became weapons until we get magic spell "no beam dissipation".
Also, no amount of ECM can stop your target just looking out the window and spotting you.