Guide to Naval Procurement (ENG)

Naval Procurement is researching new technologies, designing new things based off of that, and then building them. It's a tough task, especially when you have a limited budget, research, and have to manage an entire navy

CH 0: Game Setup

Before you start a game, there are some important settings to consider.
After you select a start date and then a country, you will come upon this screen. I've circled in red the important settings that will affect your naval procurement throughout the game.

Firstly, fleet size: Fleet size determines the budgets of every country in game, including yours. If you choose Very Large fleet size, for example then every country would recieve an increased budget to accommodate more ships. However, this scales proportionally! This means that a poorer country like Italy or Japan will still have a smaller budget in comparison to a country like the United Kingdom. Everyone will be able to afford more ships, but whether you're playing with Small, Medium, or Large fleet size, the proportion of resources will remain the same.

Secondly, you can tick "Historical Resources" on or off. If you leave this off, poorer countries will have a much larger economy than they had in real life. This evens out the playing field quite a bit, bringing poorer powers like China or Spain closer to a powerhouse like the United Kingdom. Unlike fleet size, this is NOT proportional- the economically powerful countries like USA will not receive a larger economy, but Austria Hungary would.

Next is research rate. This determines how fast or slow research is performed by all of the countries in game, as a measure of percentage. 90% research rate would be 10% slower than the default. This number cannot be raised above 100% (default).

Research variation determines the year technologies can be researched. If it is set to "none", technologies will only start being researched in the exact year they were discovered in real life. If you set it to slight, it might change by 1-2 years, while using considerable means that technologies could be discovered 6 years early/late, and differ greatly in how effective the invention actually is.

Finally, you can choose to enable "slow aircraft development". This will set back Aircraft research only for all countries for years. So if you want to extend the age before planes became the king of the seas that is an option.

CH 1: Setting Doctrinal Priority

Let's start out with the basics: What do you want in your fleet? Do you want to focus on that decisive "fleet battle", with engagements of behemoth battleships vs battleships? Maybe you're more interested in chipping down the enemy one at a time, with destroyers and cruisers at the backbone of your fleet? Maybe go after enemy trade with submarines and trade attack missions? Whatever you choose, you have to plan ahead for it, as it will determine your procurement strategy as a whole. Remember- your resources are limited. You can excel in one area, but at the cost of another, so choose wisely. Make a plan, and commit to it. See what works, see what's fun, and plan out everything according to your strategy. The research priority, every ship class designed, the quantity of the ship types you build, every random event you respond to, the countries you want to fight and the ones you want to align with, all of these decisions are to be made in the context of a strategy you come up with. You must consider every decision you take as part of your overall plan.
This is the doctrine screen. You can give extra training to sailors in certain tactics in the top left, increasing maintenance cost and only taking effect 12 months after you started that training, if you check gunnery then your sailors will have a bonus to accuracy once the training completes. Note that the moment you stop paying for this extra training, the benefits disappear too. You can adjust various other items below and change torpedo usage. For example, oxygen fuelled torpedos do significantly more damage, but if one of your ships using them is hit in the torpedo mount/storage, it'll suffer far more damage than normal.

On the right you've got your ammo doctrine. AP shells tend to have more penetration power at close range, but at long range you may have trouble and would want to use HE shells. It's all up to you to decide the ammo usage doctrine, aswell as what percent of the shells kept are AP vs HE. Once you unlock SAP ammo, you can use that- it's kind of a halfway between the two.

CH 2: Research

Now that you've got doctrine figured out, research new technologies to improve your capabilities.
You will have to set your budget to the desired amount (max 12%) and then think about what you want your researchers to look into. Do you want larger, more powerful guns? Then put naval gun research on high priority. Not interested in machinery developments? Put it on low. Remember that every research topic here takes a portion of the budget: if you set every single topic to "high" priority, then nothing is being prioritized. Everything is researched at the same rate.

In this case, it was 1915. I was playing Austria Hungary with a US ally, and fighting a war against the UK. Not a scenario I wanted to be in, but one I was prepared for. Up to this point I focused efforts into smaller ships, since most countries I would go against had larger economies for capital ships than I had. I would build battleships with a lot of armor and OK speed, to soak up fire for my DD's to get in there and torpedo the enemy ships. Also, I don't like using submarines, so from the very beginning I put it on low research priority.

Note that countries with significantly smaller budgets will almost always be behind in the tech race, even if you max out the budget at 12%, because the amount of funds invested will be smaller, even if the proportion of your budget dedicated to research is larger. If the UK with a 500,000 budget invests 8%, that's 40,000 a year into research. If Austria Hungary with a 200,000 budget invests 12%, then that's only 24,000 a year, despite the fact you are dedicating a larger portion of your budget.

CH 3: Staggered Production

Now, it's time to design a ship. But wait- before you do so, there's something quite important.

Staggered production is essential to any procurement program. What this means is that, instead of designing a new ship of every type, every year, and rebuilding the entire fleet every year, you space it out over a longer period of time. Design and build a run of DD's this year. Design and build a run of BB's the next. Make a new CL a year after that. But why?

It is essential to stagger production, so that you can 1, minimize financial and dock capacity costs, while 2, maximizing the benefits of your research, and 3, countering obsolescence.
If you make a new CL every 2 years, then there will be only minor technology benefits, yet you are still paying 100% for the price of a new ship. Instead, make a CL, then a BB, then a DD, then a CA, then at last looping back to a new CL design. You can have whatever order suits you best, whatever you choose, it is important to spread out ships of the same role so that you get more years of research in every hull.

This is also a reason why I suggest against most refits of ships; why pay the money to put the ship out of commission for months for a couple of minor improvements when my schedule guarantees that they'll be steadily replaced as needed without extra cost? Though, there are certainly times when you benefit from refitting, like tossing on a radar or improving gun quality.

With regards to obsolescence, let's say I want 5 battleships in my fleet at all times. I'll build 5 BB's 1 year from now. That's extremely expensive, and 11 years from now, I will have to replace 5, old, aging and difficult to use BB's at the same time. This causes further problems, repeating in cycles. So while not only staggering the role of ship you build, you also have to stagger the AMOUNT of ships in each role. Instead, I should build 2 BB's 1 year from now, then 3 BB's 6 years from now. That way, 11 year from now, I only have to replace 40% of my BB's instead of all of them. Instead of building 12 CL's this year, I design and build 6 this year, then design a new class 5 years from now and build 6 of those. I'll still have 8 CL's total, but again, I won't have to replace every single ship at once, significantly reducing costs.
Your laid down schedule will look like a ladder, something like this. This is just an example.

To build submarines, they are built separately from the ship design process, using the "Build Sub" button below "Build Ship". You cannot design a special submarine, they are abstracted into various classes (coastal submarine, medium range, etc). Optionally, you can auto-build subs.

CH 4: Ship Designer, Hull

Now, we've finally made it! Let's design a ship.
Here is our glorious ship editor. The visual editor is a bit complicated to use, I would recommend against it unless you want to go through the manual and figure out how to work it. Instead, select the role of ship you want in the top left, select whether you will build it at a local or foreign dockyard, and then hit the computer button and confirm that you want it to make a design.

If you build at a foreign dockyard, you gain access to that nation's shipbuilding technology and their dock size. But it's not all sunshine and rainbows. If you go to war with them and the ship is still building... well... guess who paid for part of a ship that the enemy now possesses? It doesn't contribute to your country's local shipbuilding economy either, which means you need to expand your dockyard frequently with the "build" button more often. Also, if they're technologically weaker than you, they can steal some of your tech that you're putting on the ship.
Voila. Here you are. A ship that may not even be a legal design, but now that we've got the foundation we can build it up into a real nice ship. First things first- make sure you're at or below the tonnage limit of the dockyard you selected. This is only really relevant if you're building a capital ship like a B/BB/BC or CV, since you can't build a 20,000 ton Super Destroyer with a hundred torpedo mounts and 300 knots speed. Oh well.

Use the checkmark button next to the computer to will determine if the ship design has any problems, and explain what they are. This is the most important button in the designer.

Just note that larger doesn't necessarily mean better- increase the tonnage of the ship if you want to add something, whether a more powerful engine or more ammo capacity. There's no point paying for an extra 3,000 tons of hull and armor if your ship isn't using those 3,000 tons for anything. The "Weight Remaining" number is very important- you want it to be positive, but you want to keep it pretty low. Also, DD's have a weight restriction that can be increased with research. In 1900, some have the tech for 500 ton DD's, but most only have 400 ton.
On the left side of the screen, you see a visual portrait of the ship from the top down, along with important design choices for the ship itself. You can hit the "suggest" button next to the class name if you want a historic name for that country from that time, but of course, you can choose your own name by typing into the name box itself. The "developed from" box is what ship you're developing from, if you refit or redevelop an existing ship by right clicking it in the ship list.

The engine is critical to the ship. The larger the ship, the more horsepower it will need per knot of max speed. You can optimize the engine to either speed, reliability, or normal. Optimizing for speed means less weight per max knot, but the engine is prone to break down more frequently. Reliability means that the engine will break down less, but needs more weight per max knot. Normal makes no compromises and stands in the middle. Reliability also affects the decay of the engine's top speed after the ship is obsoleted, with reliable decreasing slower, and speed decreasing faster. As for engine range, Short range ships often have fuel problems and may not show up in a battle they're supposed to. Long range ships gain effectiveness in interdicting trade.

When you discover new types of engines, they can be more efficient than existing ones and can give you a leg up over other countries. Oil fired ships are always better than coal ships, both in the decreased weight/financial cost, and you don't have to worry about coal shovelers getting tired on an oil ship, because there are no coal shovellers of any kind (Coal ships may slow down if kept at max speed for too long as the shovellers get tired, this will appear in the log). Oil ships also produce less smoke than coal.

Next, you have the freeboard, armor belt, and armoring options. If you set the freeboard to "low", you can save some weight, but the ship will perform badly in poor weather, and is more prone to flooding. If you set the armor belt to "narrow", less of the ship is protected by the armor belt, but you save some weight. As for the armor values themselves, they are displayed in inches of thickness. Destroyers are unarmored, Cruisers have a minor amount, while Battleships have a ton. Most shots that hit your ship will hit the side- the Belt. Some may hit the turrets themselves, or the conning tower (CT). However, a plane dropping gravity bombs on top of you, then it will hit the deck armor or turret tops. If firing from very far, naval guns will have a chance to hit the top/deck armor instead of the belt (you can see the values in Gun Data). The Armor Scheme is the layout of the armor on the ship, you can change this after you research the required techs.

Torpedo defence systems (TDS) are below, with 0 representing none, 1 and above indicates increasing levels of protection built into the ship to counteract a torpedo hit. It works best on capital ships. Accomodation determines the quality of the crew quarters: Cramped quarters ships will suffer a penalty to morale and crew training when outside of your home region. Colonial Service ticked ships recieve a 25% bonus to "tonnage on foreign stations".

This is outside of the factual, impartial tone I've taken for the rest of the guide, forgive me, but it is so important I'd be committing malpractice if I didn't tell you this: Corvettes can be abused.
A 2000t terrible KE with a couple of guns counts the same as a 2000t super destroyer for the "tonnage on foreign stations" requirements in a region. Tick this box on the cheap, unseaworthy KE which now counts as 2500t for the requirement and use them as cheap ships that sit in a region and do nothing but satisfy it, so you can move your pricey combat ships freely.

Finally, at the very bottom, you have the total costs in both weight and money, as well as build time, and monthly cost. You can be slightly overweight, but this hurts a ship's stability and flotation. Keep your 'weight remaining' positive, but as low as you can. Tonnage on a ship should either be used effectively or cut off.

CH 5: Ship Designer, Weapons

Now, we're looking at the right side of the ship desiginer. Here you will find your firepower, and the graphical editor. We'll only be looking at the guns and additional armaments.

The primary guns are the most important on your ship, and every ship (even aircraft carriers) are required to have at least one, maybe more depending on the ship's role. For primary guns, you have to hit "add turret" and then select a position on the ship to add the turret. A turret that is "Port" or "Starboard" cannot fire on the opposite side of the ship, unless special requirements are met and you check "cross deck fire" (Hit the check mark frequently when you're dealing with the guns- you may not have the technology for something you think you have, and certain combinations of turrets are not possible). Select the amount of rounds per gun that you want- smaller guns fire faster. You can click "GUN DATA" to see the stats of a gun of the inches you select.

Choose the fire control option. More advanced fire control means more accurate fire. If a fire control position on your ship is hit, then your guns may lose significant accuracy, unless you have 2 or 3, in which case all of them will have to be hit to suffer the accuracy loss. Increased elevation turrets have an easier time shooting, dual purpose turrets have shells that can fire at both ships and aircraft (only DD's may have primary DP guns, ships like BB's can only have them as secondary/tertiary). Autoloaders increase loading speed.

The "Turret Era", "Sponson Radius", and "Assymetric turret" are all purely cosmetic options that affects the graphical portrayal of the ship. Change them if you want to.

Secondary turrets are, well, secondary to your main guns. They are of a smaller caliber, have less fire control, and are placed by the ship designer. Note that whenever you computer generate a ship and reduce the amount of secondary guns, it may remove 2 guns on 1 side, instead of 1 gun from each side- fix this by reducing the guns to 0, then reupping it to whatever amount you had in mind. Hit "Auto Place" for the designer to automatically find a place to put the guns visually. Casemates have no armor.

Tertiary turrets are only really used on the biggest of Battleships, and have even fewer options. They have no armor at all, and are smaller in caliber than your secondaries. You cannot have tertiaries without secondaries.

Now, click "additional armament" on top right. Here is all the other weaponry that a ship carries.
At first, only DD's may carry torpedos in above-water swivel mounts, and are restricted to 1 tube a mount. As research progresses, you may unlock CL abovewater racks, more than 1 tube a rack, and even reloading your torpedos in combat.

Ships with mines will contribute to creation of minefields in/around your ports. Naval mining will slowly increase as a war goes on but do so faster the more naval mine ships you have. ASW weapons are employed on light forces and increase the capabilities of attacking enemy submarines. Radar, once unlocked, can be added to existing ships using the right click in list --> redesign up to level 2, but 3 or above must be built into the ship, not afterwards as a rebuild.

Flight installations and plane capacity are used for carriers, or large non-carrier ships to carry a deployable floatplane scout or ASW helicopter squadron. Unless you have a catapult, the boat will have to stop to launch any aerial vehicles, carrier or not. Any CA's must be built jet-capable to carry heavy jet aircraft, and will use 50% more capacity per plane if the jet CA is <40,000 tons. Light jet fighters may be put on pre-jet CA, but they will use 50% more capacity per plane.

Missile launchers are AShMs and SAMs, which target ships or planes. AShMs are generally pretty low weight and can be tacked on to any ship, SAMs require a significant amount of weight.

Finally, the topside load at the very bottom determines how much you can fit onto the top of your ship. If you've got too much stuff on top, whether it's turrets, torpedo racks, anti aircraft guns, helipads, etc, you may suffer a ROF penalty, or even not be able to build the ship at all.

CH 6: Aviation

Planes are an essential part of any navy once they are developed. At first used for reconnaissance, then overtaking the battleship guns in power as they grow stronger, they are important to claiming victory.

Planes, however, are different from the normal design process. Once discovered, you can begin to request prototypes from your country's manufacturers. When you request a plane, you must choose the role, and then the two priorities in building it. At first you may only have floatplane scouts, but as time progresses you will research more of them, and eventually even jet planes.
After some months pass, the development of prototypes are complete. Shown on the bottom is your current plane in service, and then a few competing prototypes above. Choose the one that you think best fits the role. Planes will then be automatically manufactured over time and fill up squadrons with the improved planes. Like with ships, stagger your requests for development across roles. There's no point in updating the fighter aircraft every six months, so develop a fighter, then a medium bomber, then a floatplane scout, then a torpedo bomber, then loop back around to fighter. Again, the order is irrelevant, as long as you stagger development of each role. There is no cost to submitting a request for prototypes so do it as frequently as you want.

CH 7: Land Fortifications

While they may be the last thing you think of, land fortifications can be critical even in a game of naval battles. Their impact in battle is often limited by the fact that ship combat can happen hundreds, if not thousands of miles away from base in the same combat zone such as in the Pacific, but they can have an impact in close to land missions like coastal raids.

Something important to note is that these fortifications have an important effect on the strategic layer. They will contribute to the mining of nearby waters (as stated earlier, no friendly landmines can hurt your ships, only the enemy), and increase the difficulty of event or wartime rebellions and naval invasions. Not only do they make the naval invasions after they're landed more difficult, but if enemy TR's come along and try to land without their escort fleet taking out or distracting the big gun battery... Oh man. You should always build at least one fortification in every posession you own because of these strategic benefits, but it's not going to be necessary to build as large of a 12 inch battery or max size airbase in every one, only if you think that the holding will certainly be attacked close to shore in an upcoming war.

Gun Batteries (ranging from 4 to 12 inches)
Gun batteries are unlocked as your nation unlocks the corresponding naval gun technology. They'll spot and fire upon any ships close to the shoreline automatically, with larger guns of course firing much farther, but of course is still limited by its position on land. 12 inch batteries can come in improved turrets for a extra cost. Batteries are the most expensive to build of all land fortifications but cheapest to maintain. It's a no brainer to build 12 inch turret batteries in certain close-quarters regions, like near the English Channel or the Baltic Sea.

Zeppelin base
Hosts 8 zeppelin that fly out in a circle to search for enemy ships. Completely automatic. They're very useful on island holdings, like Rhodes in the Mediterranean, since they're surrounded by sea. Zeppelin have minimal attack capability but are great for scouting when they're discovered.

Air base
Can host up to as many planes as you allowed at the game creation screen. Built in individual ports. Air group must be managed by the player. They can accommodate heavier classes of planes that carriers cannot carry, like Medium Bombers and Naval Patrol craft. You can request land based CAP during battles, but they'll have issues getting to your ships until you get good enough planes to actually get out there in a reasonable time and with enough fuel to cover you. The airbases can also carry aircraft to attack the enemy ships, too. Maintenance can get quite expensive with full squadrons

CH 8: Glossary

Ship roles and their tasks:
B: Pre-dreadnought battleship
Characterized by poor armor, speed, weaponry, or a combination of them all. Capital ship from 1890-1905. Large secondary or even tertiary batteries.
BB: Dreadnought battleship
1905-onwards. Significantly improved battleships- they feature a focus on large, primary guns, with reduced secondary and tertiary guns. The large guns cannot be effectively used at night because of the difficulty in spotting.
BC: Battlecruiser
1905-onwards. Battleships with a special focus on speed at the sacrifice of armor or other aspects. The large guns cannot be effectively used at night because of the difficulty in spotting.
AV: Seaplane carrier
Carries a small complement of floatplanes for scouting missions.
CVL: Light carrier
Carries a small number of carrier-capable planes, fighters, torpedo bombers, whatever it may be.
CV: Carrier
Carries a larger number of carrier-capable planes, fighters, torpedo bombers, whatever it may be.
CL: Light Cruiser
Medium sized ships that form effective screens, no especially heavy armor or especially powerful guns but can have high speed.
AC: Armored Cruiser (later Heavy Cruiser)
Between a cruiser and a battleship, they've got a lot more weight in armor and guns but less speed.
DD: Destroyer
Small ship useful for scouting or screening (once unlocked). Powerful in great numbers, and especially effective at night as bigger ship cannons don't have the range advantage.
SS: Submarine
Ship designed to submerge that carries torpedos as its main weapon. Can be used for fleet support or trade interdiction.

Plane roles and their tasks:
Carrier AND Land capable:
F: Fighter
Shoots down enemy planes. Significantly more effective than shipboard AA cannons if up to date.
TB: Torpedo bomber
Launches torpedos at enemy ships. Attacks will hit belt armor.
DB: Dive bomber
Goes on a steep dive bombing run, proving highly accurate but highly dangerous. Hits deck armor.
FS: Floatplane scout
Effective scout planes that carry little armament
Land airbase only:
MB: Medium bomber
Heavier bomb load than dive bomber, and attacks from higher up. Less danger but less accuracy. Can carry AShM's when unlocked.
PB: Naval patrol
Effective scout planes that carry little armament, but can use AShM's when unlocked.
Jet Powered:
LJF: Light jet fighter
Short range but powerful fighter craft. Can be used on carriers without jet-capability but count as 1.5 each for capacity
HJF: Heavy jet fighter
Long range, all weather powerful fighter craft. Requires jet-capable carrier. Can be used on carriers less than 40,000 tons but count 1.5 each for capacity
JA: Jet attack
Far superior AShM capability over other jets. Requires jet-capable carrier. Can be used on carriers less than 40,000 tons but count 1.5 each for capacity
H: Helicopter
Not bad at scouting, but excellent for ASW capability.

I hope you were able to learn something from this guide. If you have any suggestions, corrections or other comments feel free to leave one! Have fun on the high seas!

[Idlemania]

so for ship casualities is it better to immediately start production on a old ship class or start a new ship class to replace it?

[Postertag]

Hello, regarding the staggered production of new aircraft models, my question is: should I request a new model of a different role constantly, or should I go on a yearly basis such as with new ship designs? Since aircraft request takes a couple of months each, a few can be done within a singular year.

[Derp]

Hey guys, sorry I haven't been able to update the guide in a while. Anyways, I've touched up the guide and added important clarifications. The overall word count has been decreased.

Barleyman, the reason why I emphasize the importance of using just as much weight as you need for the ships current specs instead of leaving extra for redesigns are multiple. First and most importantly, redesigns and refits can be quite costly, both in finance and also taking your ships out of active service which can be especially problematic if you're close to war. Secondly, they are unnecessary if you follow a schedule of staggered production which maximizes technology gain and minimizes financial, dockyard and obsolesence costs.

gundamcel, sorry for not clarifying on that point. Yes, the chart is an example from one of my games for when I laid down ships of a class. And you can do the ships in any order you deem fit, it was just something I found most useful in that playthrough.

[gundamcel]

do the years on the staggered production chart mean when the ship class is laid down or when it enters service

[Barleyman]

You're saying do not leave any unused space on ships .. But where do your refits go then? Better guns, radars, fire control, more torpedoes ..

[Derp]

Alanman Dragoran, merkmuds, I'm glad that you were able to find the guide helpful. I personally barely understand the deeper mechanisms of combat despite 400+ hours on Rule The Waves 2 and spending a bit of time on 3. As for aircraft carrier usage, you have to task your aircraft by hitting the lightning bolt and then going from there. It's a bit awkward to use, so refer to the manual.

Andrew Cree, thanks for the info. I didn't know that the reliability of the engine actually affected the speed post-obsolesence. I'll add that in.

[Andrew Cree]

Nice work.

A little addenum you may wish to include:

As ships get older (usually 10 years+) they lose speed due to engine deterioration. 'Speed' optimised engines, being less robust, are more likely to drop speed whereas 'Rebliability' optimised engines are less likely to do so.

[*****_ali]

@Alpha2518: maneuverability

[Miles Gloriosus]

Turret batteries go up to at least 14 in - I think they unlock when you get quality 0?

[Iron Dice]

Wow, this was super helpful. Well done! Definitely tagging this for reference as I get back into this series. Thanks!