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Aquincum, Roman Hungary, 350AD

Aquincum, Roman Hungary, 350AD


Existence: 700 Years, From 300 BC to 400 AD
Belonged to: Celts, Romans
Abandoned: War

Aquincum was an ancient city, situated on the northeastern borders of the province of Pannonia within the Roman Empire. It is believed that Marcus Aurelius wrote his book "Meditations" at Aquincum.

Aquincum was originally founded by the Eravisci, a Celtic tribe. Aquincum served as a military base, as part of the Roman border protection system and after Pannonia was reorganised by the Romans in AD 106, Aquincum became the capital city of the Roman province of Pannonia Inferior. Being the centre of operations on the Roman frontier against the neighbouring tribes, Aquincum was occasionally the headquarters of emperors, Hadrian, Diocletian and Septimus Severus were all at one point stationd in Aquincum.

At its height around the 2nd century AD, Aquincum had a population of almost 50,000 people. Ruins from the old Roman city can be seen all over the modern city of Budapest. These Roman structures were, during the 2nd and 3rd century AD, the heart of the commercial life of the Pannonia province.

As the Roman Empire began to fall in the 4th century AD, Aquincum saw its importance decline, and its new weakness as Roman soldiers returned home saw the city become a target for Sarmatian tribes from the north. Eventually in 350 AD Aquincum was completely destroyed, the citizens who did not escape were put to the sword and the ancient city of Aquincum was no more.

Several centuries later the new towns of Buda and Pest were formed, now joined as the Hungarian capital city, Budapest, the ancient ruins of Aquincum cover a significant part of the area today known as the Óbuda district within Budapest.