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$2 Hero
Diposting pertama kali oleh Rain :):
Diposting pertama kali oleh $2 Hero:
Found a doctor.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cUTLmkdD0Wc

https://g.co/gemini/share/4448a530b7ef

Fact-checking the claims made in the video reveals significant misinterpretations of scientific principles and historical events. The speaker, Dr. Tom Cowan, is a former medical doctor who relinquished his medical license in 2020 and has been noted for promoting conspiracy theories. Here is a breakdown of the claims and the corresponding facts:

Is the Speaker a Real Doctor?

Dr. Tom Cowan earned a medical degree from Michigan State University College of Human Medicine in 1984. However, he surrendered his medical license in California in 2020. In 2017, the Medical Board of California had placed him on probation for prescribing an unapproved medication for breast cancer without informing the patient of its status or reviewing her medical file.

Claim on Polio Virus Isolation:

Dr. Cowan claims that the polio virus was "proven" to exist by injecting ground-up spinal tissue from a paralyzed person into monkeys' brains, causing them to become paralyzed or die. He asserts that this was done without a proper control group and that later, when "normal spine" was injected, the monkeys also died or were paralyzed.

Fact: The poliovirus was first isolated in 1908 by Karl Landsteiner and Erwin Popper. While early research did involve animal models, the scientific understanding and methods evolved significantly over time. The development of the polio vaccine was made possible by the work of John Enders, Thomas Weller, and Frederick Robbins, who successfully grew the poliovirus in non-nervous tissue cultures. They received the Nobel Prize in 1954 for this breakthrough, which allowed for the production of large quantities of the virus for study and vaccine development.

Claim on Measles Virus Isolation and John Enders' 1954 Paper:

Dr. Cowan alleges that the "gold standard" for proving a virus's existence, a 1954 paper by John Enders, is flawed. He states that the experiment involved adding toxic substances to a cell culture, which caused the cells to die, and that this cell death was misinterpreted as the effect of a virus. He also claims that in the same paper, Enders admitted that uninoculated cultures showed the same cell death.

Fact: The 1954 paper by Enders and Peebles describes the successful propagation of the measles virus in human and monkey kidney cell cultures. This was a landmark achievement that paved the way for the development of the measles vaccine. While cell cultures do require specific conditions and nutrients to survive, the cytopathic effects (cell damage) described in the paper were specific to the introduction of the measles virus. Dr. Cowan's claim that uninoculated cultures showed the same results is a misrepresentation of the paper's findings. The paper established a method for isolating and cultivating the virus, which is a fundamental step in virology.

Claim on Antibodies and Immunity:

Dr. Cowan questions the role of antibodies in immunity, suggesting that the scientific understanding of antibodies is inconsistent. He points to the difference in how antibodies are viewed in the context of diseases like measles versus HIV.

Fact: Antibodies are a crucial part of the adaptive immune system. They are proteins produced in response to an infection or vaccination that can recognize and neutralize specific pathogens. When you are exposed to a virus like measles, your body produces antibodies that provide long-lasting immunity. In the case of HIV, the virus attacks the immune system itself, and the presence of antibodies indicates an infection but does not mean the body has cleared the virus. The role of antibodies is well-established in immunology, and Dr. Cowan's portrayal of a confused or contradictory scientific consensus is inaccurate.

In conclusion, the video presents a series of misleading and factually incorrect statements about virology and the history of medicine. Dr. Cowan's arguments rely on a misinterpretation of scientific literature and a rejection of the foundational principles of immunology and infectious diseases.

https://grok.com/share/c2hhcmQtMw%3D%3D_66be3e12-b7b8-45a3-8d4f-16b1e8af1419

Speaker Identification and Credentials
The video features Dr. Thomas Cowan (full name: Thomas Samuel Cowan), an alternative medicine practitioner, author, and speaker, interviewed on "The Jesse Chappus Show." Cowan discusses his views on virology, claiming that viruses like polio and measles are not properly isolated and do not exist as traditionally understood. He presents himself as having expertise based on reading scientific papers extensively.
Regarding whether Cowan is a "real doctor": He earned an MD degree from Michigan State University College of Human Medicine in 1984 and practiced family medicine for over 40 years. However, he is no longer licensed to practice medicine in California, where he was based. In 2021, Cowan voluntarily surrendered his California medical license amid investigations by the Medical Board of California for promoting debunked theories, including claims about 5G causing diseases and questioning virus existence. Prior to this, he was placed on 5-year probation in 2017 for unprofessional conduct related to alternative treatments. His New York license was also addressed in a 2017 document, but current status is unclear; he has shifted to working as an "unlicensed health coach." Cowan's views align with virus denialism, a fringe position not supported by mainstream science, and he has been labeled a conspiracy theorist by sources like Wikipedia and fact-checking outlets.
Note: There are other physicians named Thomas Cowan (e.g., Thomas B. Cowan in New York), but the speaker is specifically Thomas Samuel Cowan, identifiable by his alternative medicine focus and public controversies.
Fact Check of Key Claims
Cowan's overarching argument is that virology is flawed because viruses are not truly isolated or proven to exist, using historical examples from polio and measles. He claims this persists to the present day, enabling profitable "imaginary" threats like vaccines. These claims are rooted in virus denialism, a pseudoscientific view that misinterprets or cherry-picks historical experiments while ignoring modern evidence like electron microscopy, genetic sequencing, and Koch's postulates adaptations for viruses. Fact checks from scientific sources consistently debunk Cowan's interpretations as misleading or false. Below is a point-by-point analysis, drawing from historical records, primary papers, and expert explanations. For balance, I've included perspectives from virus denial sources (e.g., Viroliegy), but mainstream science overwhelmingly substantiates virus existence.
1. Polio Virus Isolation (0:03–1:38 in transcript)
Claim: Polio virus was "proven" by grinding up spinal tissue from a paralyzed child, injecting it into monkey brains, and observing death/paralysis. No controls (e.g., healthy tissue or saline) were used for 50 years, leading to thousands of monkey experiments. In 1953, injecting normal spine caused the same effects, disproving the method, but virologists switched to other approaches.
Fact Check: Partially accurate on early methods but misleading and exaggerated. The polio virus (poliovirus) was first transmitted experimentally in 1908–1909 by Karl Landsteiner and Erwin Popper, who injected filtered spinal cord fluid from a deceased polio patient into two monkeys; one developed paralysis, mimicking human polio. This established transmissibility but was crude. Subsequent work (e.g., by Simon Flexner) used monkey models extensively, including adaptations to mice by 1939. Controls were indeed used in many studies—e.g., injecting non-infectious material or using uninfected monkeys to compare outcomes. The claim of "no controls for 50 years" is unsubstantiated; historical reviews show controls in vaccine trials and pathogenesis studies.
No specific 1953 experiment matching Cowan's description (normal spine injection causing identical effects) appears in searches; this may stem from misinterpretations of toxicity in early emulsions or unrelated simian virus contaminations (e.g., SV40 in later vaccines). By the 1940s–1950s, poliovirus was cultivated in non-neural tissues by John Enders, Thomas Weller, and Frederick Robbins (Nobel Prize 1954), using cell cultures with controls to distinguish viral effects. Modern evidence: Poliovirus has been sequenced, visualized via electron microscopy, and meets adapted Koch's postulates. Virus denial sources echo Cowan's view, but it's rejected by virologists as ignoring specificity in transmission and controls.
Verdict: False/misleading. Early methods were invasive, but controls existed, and the 1953 claim lacks evidence.
2. Measles Virus Isolation and John Enders' 1954 Paper (1:48–4:49)
Claim: Enders took mucus from a measles patient, added it to monkey kidney cells with antibiotics, nutrient deprivation, and serums; cells died (cytopathic effect, or CPE), proving "isolation." But Enders' own control (no mucus) showed identical CPE, proving it was due to the process, not a virus. This method is still the "gold standard" for all viruses, with no exceptions.
Fact Check: Accurate quote but grossly misrepresented context. The paper (Enders JF, Peebles TC. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1954;86:277-286) describes isolating cytopathogenic agents from measles patients in human and monkey kidney cultures. They observed CPE (e.g., cell fusion, multinucleated giants) in inoculated cultures. Enders noted spontaneous CPE in some uninoculated controls, resembling measles effects superficially, due to factors like latent simian viruses or culture conditions.
Crucially, the measles agent was distinguished: It was serially passaged (transmitted to new cultures), neutralized specifically by convalescent measles sera (antibodies from recovered patients inhibited it), and produced antigen detectable by complement fixation—none of which occurred in controls. This specificity proved a viral cause. Virus denial sites highlight the control quote to claim fraud, but virologists explain it as acknowledging artifacts while validating the agent via controls and serology. Modern measles virus isolation uses advanced methods (e.g., sequencing, EM), not just 1950s cultures. Cowan's "no exceptions" claim is false; virology has evolved (e.g., PCR, cryo-EM).
Verdict: False. The paper used controls and specificity tests; Cowan cherry-picks to misrepresent.
3. Antibodies and Inconsistencies (e.g., HIV, Vaccines) (5:09–7:33)
Claim: Antibodies from natural infection or vaccines mean lifelong protection (e.g., measles, chickenpox), but flu "evades" them, and in HIV, antibodies mean the virus will kill you. This is a "rule change" for profit, and antibodies are unreliable.
Fact Check: Misleading oversimplification. Antibodies indicate immune response to exposure, but outcomes vary by pathogen:

Acute infections (e.g., measles, chickenpox): Antibodies often confer lifelong immunity by neutralizing the virus, preventing reinfection.
Flu: Influenza mutates rapidly (antigenic drift/shift), so antibodies to one strain may not protect against new variants; this isn't "evasion" but evolution.
HIV: A chronic retrovirus that integrates into host DNA, evading clearance despite antibodies. Antibodies detect infection (diagnostic standard since 1984), but the virus persists, weakening immunity over time without treatment. No "rule change"—antibody roles depend on the disease; in HIV, they signal ongoing infection, not death sentence (antiretrovirals enable normal life).

Vaccines induce similar antibodies for protection, but boosters may be needed for mutating viruses. Cowan's profit motive claim ignores evidence-based public health.
Verdict: False. No inconsistency; science explains variations by pathogen biology.
Overall Verdict
Cowan's claims are unsubstantiated and promote virus denialism, debunked by virology consensus. Viruses like polio and measles are real, isolated, and sequenced; vaccines have eradicated/controlled them. His views have led to misinformation, e.g., during COVID-19. For a balanced view, denialist sources exist but lack empirical support. Consult reputable health authorities like WHO or CDC for accurate info.
"You can't see or confirm the presence of a virus in its pure, unprocessed form — even with an electron microscope. It requires lab preparation like culturing, purification, or concentration to make viruses visible and identifiable." Grok
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