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education is cheap.. but not fully free.
first how our education system works :
primary
middle is divided in : mavo(renamed vmbo theoretic) - havo - vwo
professional is divided in vbo (renamed vmbo pracitcal) - mbo - hbo - wo
wo = master and phd
hbo = bachalor and master
mbo = asociates degree
vbo = college degree
for ALL those the state sets the curriculum. (what students must know) so there is unlike in usa no different in the value of a degree from one school vs the other
all must mandatory follow education. homeschooling is not allowed.
all schools are semi-goverment funded (the state gives a fixed amount per school + a fixed amount per student, schools that not meat a minimum number of students or fail to meet the states curriculum will be closed.
-we do have "special schools" like christian or islamic ones, or montesory ones, but those only offer in moral norms at their school (drescodes, opening the day with prayer and such) basicly added stuff.. the basic curriculum they must learn is the same as it is for all.
the mandatory education does not end until a person is 21 years old OR has a completed professional degree.
it starts at 4 primary school and this is 100% free. it will last 8 years, so until you are 12.
at the end of primary school all students get a test, this test combined with their teachers advise will determine if they go to vmbo, havo or vwo.
(you cannot go anything else but what is your advise)
usually about 10% goes havo, 2% goes vwo and the rest goes vmbo.
vmbo lasts 4 years, havo 5 years, and vwo 6
the amount of stuff learned in a year, the strictness of tests and the difficultuty of whats taught also increases with each of those 3 education levels.
so unlike your highschool where it is all about your score, here it is better to get a 6 (a C) on vwo level than a 10 (an A+) on havo level..
middle school is not completely free, well the education is, but parents will have to buy the mandentory books. unless your parents are really low income, like minimumwage or on welfare, than those books are free too.
(no crap like supplies for the teacher if anything the school will provide supplies when needed to students)
after completed middle school you have 2 chooices.
-> you go to to learn a profession in the same difficulty scale as your middle school
-> you go do a more difficult middle school (only available if your grades are high enough)
**the one exeption is vmbo-practical.. than one is a dead end. (as it already IS a profession)
mavo can go to mbo
havo can go to hbo
vwo can go to wo
pretty straightforward.
if you opt to go to a more difficult middle school instead
mavo -> havo : you start in havo year 4 (so basicly you done 4 years mavo + 2 years havo = 6 years total.. so you loose 1 year vs people who were given havo advice direclyt but thats needed to catch up on all the mmore complex stuff you missed out on.
havo to vwo same thing.. you join in year 5..vwo.. so you done 5 years havo + 2 years vwo = 7 years total, 1 more than a person going to vwo directly.,
if you somehow were REALLY misjudged in primary school.. you could do that twice.. so than you be doing mavo in 4, add 2 for havo and another 2 for vwo.. so 8 years total.. so yeah loosing 1 or 2 years of your working life is bad.. but still it can correct a wrong rather than putting you in a dead end.
-- professional education --
for mbo, hbo and wo you pay tutoridge, first time you pay to get educated.
-this tutoridge however is rather low
**400 a year for mbo
**about 1200-1600 a year (varies per education type) for hbo or wo.
on top of this are other expenses.
-about 700 euro per year in books for mbo and hbo
-wo tend to use more expensive books, you be spending more like 1100 a year on them
**various cost is the biggest expense in..
(think labcoats and testtubes for lab education, or design software when doing grafical design)
-for mbo & hbo these costs usually are 150-400 euro a year
-for wo these costs can be about the same but for some like dentisrtry can go upto 5000 a year (the materials used are just very expensive thats what it is)
but thats only 1 or 2 speciffic educations.
the state WILL give you money to pay for this.
-mbo will get full funding (basicly wellfare equal to your costs) with no strings attached
-hbo and wo will get student loans.. of about the cost of their study & books.. but if they get their degree within 10 years after starting those loans become a gift.
mbo will never kick you off the school.
hbo and wo have a mandatory must pass 80% of tasks (thats tests, papers you need to hand it and more).. in 1st year.. and must have completed 1st year 100% in 2d year.
failture to meet that will lead to you being kicked out and being not elegable for that same education for 6 years.
(basicly you lost a year of funding.. that you likely won't get gifted now.. and you need to go do another study forget reapplying)
the catch is :
-you can only get student loans for 5 years maximum.
-you can only get student loans if you started the study before 30 year old
together with student loan the state also gives you a pass that gives free use of our national public transport (thats actually 160 euro a month.. towards your student loan.. but it get gifted as stated if your get your degree anyway)
If you are past 30.. or already had 5 years of student loans
the above costs are the same just now you must pay them out your own pocket.
you can also not get that free public transport card.. not even if you wanted to pay that 160 euro a month yourself for it.
oh I forgat to add.. technically you CAN also climb up with a professional degree.
so you can go with vmbo-practical to mbo, from mbo to hbo and from hbo to wo.
but the downside is.. you are much more restricted WHICH education you qualify for..where if you enter with a middle school degree.. your chooice of possible educations is far wider..
basicly if you a nurse at mbo.. you cannot go do IT or civil enginering at hbo.. only other medical range hbo.
-----
there is NO age restriction for professional education though..
but :
primary school generally won't allow people in after 21 year old.. so if you want to do for some reason..
you will have to apply to adult education programs.. which cost money.. or teach youself (there are state examps you can join.. about 400 euro for a full vwo exam.. but can only be done once a year.. and no retry so if you fail good luck paying and trying next year)
*****************************
another way the older are kind of barred from education and why you want to go havo-vwo-wo and not havo-hbo-wo
is that when you already HAVE a completed hbo or wo (mbo does not count for this) and still apply for another.. the tutoridge will be 10 times as high (so yeah 12000 to 16000 a year)
so basicly GETTING a degree in my nation is way cheaper than in usa.
but if you want 2 different degrees to become a professional in 2 fields.. or somehow want to reducate yourself into something else.. thats still INSANELY costly.
in my nation until 30 your study is essentially free.
while you will build op a loan of 10k a year.. that loan will be scrapped if you get your degree,
but if you are a dropout.. yeah those costst will bite you...
however if you already HAVE a degree and want another.. or are older than 30.. the costs will be higher..
still nowehere as high as they are in the usa.
add to that ALL our schools are good.. with 3 even in the global top 100.. and the rest not far behind.. hence why employers not care where you did your study.. while in usa most are crap with only a few crazy expensive ones good. which most stand no chance getting into.
I have expected no less than a complete breakdown on how it works in detail...
you're welcome;)
we pay considerable higher taxes for that.
the idea is educated people earn more..
we have income tax based on income.
so those educated people pay essentially for their education later in life.
which is a better model.. for it makes more people willing to take the risk to do a study for the costs if failing are much lower.
which leads to a more productive and thus more competative nation globally.
usa is too alergic to taxes.. and state regulation of the curriculum and all that..
what we should do better is install an emigration tax... for it happens all to often that people get their education in eirope.. than move to the usa where taxes are lower.. (usa thus steals the investment europe makes with it's education system) luckely enough stay loyal and won't move to usa but still more scientiests in usa are born in europe than in usa.. so it does show it is an issue..
One of the more notable tropes i've heard about the differences between euro as average and US as average = is that euros have a wider knowledge basis teached thourouht the course, while americans are more heavily specialized.
That and the trope "difference in exams" : while in euro it's applied exercises and free text format, in the US it's very heavyly leaning in multiple choices question / checkboxes.
Both of those tropes may or may not be true.
average is the very word here.
our healtcare, education, etc is on AVERAGE way better than usa.
but granted.. the BEST medical clinic and procedures, the BEST university,
is usually in usa.
you care more to have the best university in the world even if only 0.000001% of your population get to enjoy it.. while we prefer to spread our eggs.. offer one size fit alls to our population.
so yeah your best is better than our best.. but our worst is just 5-10% worse than our best.. while your worst is third world level..
ALL our university's are basicly in the global top 200.. but granted we have non in the top 10
we care more for the needs of the many.. not for the few..
and for an higher AVERAGE score..
which means that for the vast mayority of people europe is a better place to live than usa.
get a bachalor degree, earn 70k a year working for a boss, marry, have your wife work parttime, and buy together a typical dutch terranced house (thats much smaller than usa houses) and have 2 kids.
being an average middleclass person.
it may not be as aspired as that american dream..
but far more of our population get to LIVE that dream..
To add to that, and the whole point of responding to begin with, is that America may have the best unis in the world, yes, but with 3 major caveats :
- the best are kinda few in numbers compared to the landmass;
- they are judging themselves with their own standards, so the notation may not be the most accurate; leading to the last point :
- worldwide there is fierce competition to pretend to be the best. I'm developping :
The south Korean unis are ALL of excellency, NO ONE can even try to prentend that they are lacking in anything.
The japanese are a whole different world from us westerners. But skilled, highly skilled, they are indeed.
The chinese gov is pushing HARD for high culture level AND highly skilled workers at the same time.
All euros have their own excellency schools already, that are absolutely UNDERFUNDED compared to the US ones. Give them the same amount of money and you'll enjoy the fireworks in ten years when they topple the US ones, and the "average" uni is already very good.
Even Canadians schools are more-than-competent at producing people with culture and skills, a level-headed mindset, that are absolutely able to take on life with the winter disadvantage of 12 feets of snow in the moring - depending on where you live. Give them MORE fundings and ...
Venezuela, Brazil, Argentina, Chile : who can say in earnest faith they have BAD education levels when they finish their uni courses ? No one.
Ho, very very last thing : that's not because some country have not got any "famous" scientists in its palmares and history does not mean that they are bad at that science. For example, Iceland has not many famous chemists, but their schools in chemistry are worth the euro ones. It's just that France and Germany got all the discoveries first, because critical mass of people and exchange of knowlegde and so on. Now it's the US turn to have lots of inventors, but that does and will never mean that all the rest of the world is lacking.
"We are all dwarves perched on the shoulders of past giants", so the saying goes.
Clearly taxes pay for social programs, we all know that but you as a person will receive your education for free if you lived in most european countries.
The thing you need to pay for is housing, food and your own equipment, otherwise learn and level up.
And I am gladly paying the cost of living in a safer, better educated and less stratified society.
While university in Germany is not completely free, it is subsidised in a way, that you can be poor and still study without having to pay a ridiculously high debt for the rest of your life. It's supposed to give everyone a free chance, regardless of the familiy they were born into.