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Because when people get called out for spreading misinformation they complain that whoever's accusing them is trying to censor them or attempting to (here in the US) infringe upon their first amendment right to freedom of speech.
I don't believe any formal statute against the spreading of misinformation can be practicably enforced, really, because so many people do it and it's been going on for a LONG time in human history.
Putting a law on the books against it now (even if it was enforceable) would be like closing the barn door after the cow got out. 🐄
For example, The Communist Chinese Party calls the Ughyur concentration camps "fake news".
its called defamation of character.
Assuming their constitution has a free speech clause that could run into problems, however as mentioned in the thread fraud is not generally protected by such laws.
With this sais, OP's mention of 5G conspiracy theories is quite notable, as this misinformation has led to some incidents involving vandalism of cellular infrastructure, which does in fact pose a threat to public safety as it could cut off communications with emergency dispatchers, leading to potential loss of life and property.
And as for people doing stupid ♥♥♥♥ because of lies said online, gullible people tend to be stupid. You can't legislate against stupid, but you can fix it by educating the masses. I do this myself, because I find the best way to fight disinformation is with information. Granted, we live in an age where disinformation masquerades as information whilst claiming otherwise, but then again that's in part because it's the 20s. Anyone who has looked into the Gilded Age, yellow journalism and the like can see parallels between then and now.
Those who don't learn from history are doomed to repeat it.
The problem with making a law is you can't evaluate it on a case by case basis. If you make a law against spreading misinformation, anyone who disagrees with Wikipedia gets arrested. The social media fact checkers have been wrong dozens of times already, you really want to give them legal weight too?
because the damage doesn't matter as long as people stay stupid
people have all the tools they need to combat misinformation. Critical thinking is not hard. Debating ideas is not hard.
If you did that OP, politicians,lawyers,reporters/editors, even scientists would be screwed as misrepresenting the truth is their creation and has been for hundreds of years.