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Ein Übersetzungsproblem melden
The only info your browser passes to websites is user agent, but that is passed for compatibility purposes.
This would be an example of a user agent under Firefox;
Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64; rv:101.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/101.0
And Safari/Webkit:
Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/605.1.15 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/15.0 Safari/605.1.15
If you were to for example run Firefox or Safari and send a Chrome user agent to pretend you are running Google Chrome some sites might no longer work properly. This is because they will start enable functionality which only Chrome supports.
Worry more about trackers following you between websites to track which websites you visit. Run a privacy respecting browser such as Firefox, install a privacy respecting ad and tracker blocker such as Ublock Origin.
For programs you are running on your system there is nothing you can do other than not install spyware on your computer. There are plenty of privacy respecting alternatives for pretty much everything.
Instead of Google Chrome use Firefox, unstead of Microsoft Windows use GNU/Linux or a BSD variant. Instead of Adobe use GIMP, Krita and Inkscape..
Here is a good resource to find alternatives to programs;
https://alternativeto.net/
This specific data being collected can only be prevented by disabling JavaScript which will rended many websites non-functional.
Howerver it can be abused for tracking purposes. It could for example collect your screen size, which keys you press and how you move your mouse and send all this to a tracker somewhere.
Mental Outlaw usually have good videos about privacy and stuff and in this video he is showing and explaining (most of them) advanced settings for Firefox.
https://youtu.be/xxWXLlfqNAo
An ad/tracker blocker can prevent any kind of connection to the domains used by these trackers thus preventing them from tracking you. The cookie will never even be created.
Firefox's "Total Cookie Protection" feature protects against this aswel. It keeps cookies all seperated between sites even if they originate from the same domain. You will still be tracked but not between websites, the tracker does not know if you are the same person when going to another website.
Example; You go to example.com, and example.com uses Google Analytics, so Google Analytics creates a cookie containing a unique number so it can identify who you are.
On Google Chrome this same cookie can be read by Google Analytics when you are on website.com which also uses Google Analytics.
On Firefox with Total Cookie Protection it can't do this. example.com and website.com both have seperate cookie jars, they can't share cookies. example.com and website.com both have their own Google Analytics cookie, thus removing the "super" from super cookie.
Well, at least is the strongest. But true they are isolating the cookies from the different websites.
And still, it is failing with Bing ads, Google (third party ad pixel), Twiter pixel and Yandex ads cookies and even if you have "strict" protection, it is failing against fingerprints.
So they know
-version of browser
-Time zone
-Screen size
-System fonts
-Which GPU l have
-Which language l am using
-touch support
-CPU threads
ect.
Probably the IP so why not, so the VPN is useless