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Pay attention to the L3 Cache temp reading. That one is closer to the cooler than the cores and gives you a good idea of how the cooling is working. And then keep an eye on the delta between the L3 Cache and the CPU readings.
Hitting 90°C CPU temp with stress is not hard on air. Gaming in between 60 and 70°C is normal.
So if you undervolt it (setting negative offsets), you can often improve thermals with little to no performance loss. I personally haven't done this but I've been toying with the idea of it given the 5800X3Ds specifically are said to be almost guaranteed take well to low offsets?
Water cooling would likely also improve these transient spikes and I can't speak for that, but I at least know they're not abnormal to be occurring for typical (air cooled) setups.
Modern CPUs, and this started especially with Zen 3 on AMD's side, will more happily run up to their thermal limits if there is room. The room is there; they use it. Modern CPUs are also a lot more dense so more heat is coming from smaller spots. So if it needs to spike in frequency for a moment, and it sees "oh, I'm at 50C, it have ~40C of headroom", it might just do that. I've seen it brush up right around (slightly plus or minus) 90C at times.
If it's staying at 90C+ and actually throttling, that is when you know cooling is poor. But if clock speeds are staying between at least 4.4 GHz and 4.5 GHz (for a default one, this is expected boost range), then it's fine. High temperatures plus being below rated boost with it fluctuating, is the key sign there's throttling and you have issues.
Also, idle temperatures are pretty meaningless. Your highest temperatures are all that matter.
The latest release of Libre Hardware Monitor (0.9.2) doesn't seem to show such a thing and I never knew the cache on these CPUs had its own sensor.
Or maybe it does, and that's what the two readings I'm seeing are?
Core (Tctl/Tdie)
CCD1 (Tdie)
I always presumed the first was the "general" one and the latter was the CCD specific one (and CPUs with two CCDs would therefore have two of these readings). I believe I'm correct on the latter part due to the obvious naming but now I'm wondering if that first sensor is actually the cache? Come to think of it, I don't think my 3700X reflected two temperatures, but I also recall switching between HWMonitor, then Open Hardware Monitor, and finally Libre Hardware Monitor so I thought the additional temperature reading was from one of them.
Is the first one actually the cache or do I need another software to check this?
There's a gap between the two readings but it's not much. First one is usually a couple/few degrees warmer.
There is also one reading per core, an average and then the L3 reading.
Idle the difference between L3 and CPU seems to be 3-4°C. But under full stress that difference can hit 38°C.
38C!? That's a lot.
Any suggestions on what software shows this temperature? Presumes HwInfo 64 might be one of them but I'd rather not start grabbing a bunch based on guessing.
I'll stick with Libre Hardware Monitor but I'd like to check with something that does show it to get an idea of temperatures in my case. I never knew a sensor for the cache existed (though it makes sense at least for the X3Ds).