Nainstalovat Steam
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Yes, you'd use either Steam's own backup scheme or just "zip" up <steam library>\steamapps\common\<game> manually.
I wish to know a method that is stupid-proof so I could just get the files, put them on BDs/DVDs/CDs without a care, then when I wish to install the games back or something, I press on an automatic installation app and it auto installs my games, or something like that
So for you, if you're wanting to make backups, you would simply do the same. Yes, it's not going to be stupid-proof, as you say. It will require some knowledge of how Steam's library is maintained on your computer. It's not too difficult, though. Each library folder has a standard layout.
Say you used the default named library folder on drive D:
D:\SteamLibrary\
At the very least you will find a \steamapps\ folder. In that folder will be a number of appmanifest_*.acf files and a \common\ folder.
D:\SteamLibrary\steamapps\common\
In the \common\ folder is where Steam stores the games in their own sub-folder. There are some exceptions for Valve's games as they typically shared resources and were installed into the same sub-folder, but any non-Valve game should have their own unique one.
Each game will have an accompanied appmanifest_*.acf file. Each of these are numbered by a game's appid.
We'll use DOOM (2016) as an example. It has its files stored at:
D:\SteamLibrary\steamapps\common\DOOM\
It's appid is 379720 so there should also be a appmanifest_379720.acf file.
You would use Zip, or your compression tool of choice, to create a compressed archive of the \DOOM\ folder. With the appmanifest_379720.acf you have a few choices but you'd have to keep it with the archive somehow, either separately or within the archive.
Then when you restore the game files, you'd decompress the \DOOM\ folder back into a \common\ library folder, and place the appmanifest_379720.acf into that library's \steamapps\ folder. Then when you load up Steam it should see the game as installed. It might run the files through an integrity check and determine if any need replaced, or by then an update might have taken place and start to update the old archived files.
lol... I probably made it seem more complicated than it really is. It seems simple to me. But stupid-proof there isn't. You can use the Steam's backup feature as that would be more stupid-proof than what I outlined above, but I've seen too many users having problems with it. I'm much more confident with my own skills of backing up the game files that I'd rather do it more manually.
some last questions, to hopefully finish this situation:
-would I need steam to decompress the games that I backed up with steam?
-would either back up (steam or just putting it in a 7z) save my progress files or not? (I would like to play the games from the very beggining, if I'd ever need to access the archive BDs/DVDs/CDs, to make it more exciting)
that is if you meant harmless as in not corrupted
if you meant harmless as in lack of spyware and stuff, well, that's something else that is out of the reach of steam for when you write the backup files on disk or something like that