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In the US I usually see them checking the speed in their car with the gun out the window (and then pulling folks over) or usually standing on an overpass and then radioing in speeders to a bunch of motor cops hidden on the embankment on the other side of the overpass.
They sit in a convenient spot using their radar and then pull over speeders.
The radar gun taking pictures. We have that in Australia they are mobile speed cameras not operated by the police, and people despise them way more than the highway patrol
There Sheriffs office tends to often set up a speed trap every so often near where I live too where they'll have an officer with a radar gun wearing some crazy costume, but it a leprechaun or an elf, or even have a big beefy guy dress up like a hooker and radio to a bunch waiting in a church parking lot nearby.
https://trello.com/c/GnuUVNHL/381-being-able-to-use-the-radar-gun-inside-a-patrol-car
However, there's a common misunderstanding of terminology that kinda annoys me every time I see it, and it's relevant to police identifying and citing speeders, so...
In quite a lot of the United States, a speed-trap is (legally) a very specific thing that relies on how speed limits work. Speed limits apply to the area between each sign. For example, this would mean: that you don't accelerate to enter a 55 until you pass the 55 sign. Meanwhile, in the other direction, you decelerate before entering a lower-posted limit from a higher, such that you're compliant with the lower limit before passing the sign.
Speed-traps exploit this by posting a high speed limit and then having a hard-to-see or unusually positioned low speed limit sign a very short distance away; too short to realistically both reach the higher posted limit and then decelerate to the lower. Officers or speed cameras are then placed, usually in a concealed manner, a very short distance past this second—lower—sign to infract anyone who fails to spot the second sign. This is the 'trap'; drivers accelerate to the higher limit and are unable to reach the lower limit before passing the second sign, leaving them in violation of the new speed zone.
An example of this in the area I live in would be on the local college campus. Along one of the main roads entering the campus, there's a large sign indicating a 30 MPH speed zone. Less than fifty feet away, there's a second sign, much smaller, like those that indicate parking zones, that marks the area as being a 20 MPH speed zone. Because it's a college campus, and due to the city's laws, getting stopped on the other side of the lower limit sign is automatically 'reckless driving in a pedestrian priority zone', plus a flat cite for at least five over, plus a further flat cite for each mile per hour over past the first five.
In conclusion, planting a patrol car immediately on the other side of speed zone change is not a speed trap. Drivers are expected to identify and respond appropriately to changing speed zones, and officers are within their rights to infract people who fail to do so in a safe and legal manner. A speed trap is when a jurisdiction goes out of its way to limit or eliminate the ability of an attentive driver to identify changing speed zones, then punishes drivers for that failure. In most jurisdictions, deliberately building speed traps is unlawful (report to your state) due to the fact that they create unsafe driving conditions in their vicinity.
EDIT: Spelling and grammar corrections.