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抱歉--我是拉丁美洲人,不会说中文。我不得不使用翻译器 (DeepL),如有任何沟通不畅,我深表歉意:
我喜欢这种褒贬不一的评论,因为它认识到了游戏的优点和缺点。
声明一下,我本人不是社会主义者,我是未来学家,所以我想听听大家的看法。在社会主义理论方面,你认为游戏有哪些问题,哪些是正确的?
谢谢,并致以诚挚的问候。
The other point is vanguard. Lenin argued that the ordinary people in Tsarist Russia were not capable of fully understanding Marxist theory, which encompassed advanced ideas in philosophy, politics, and economics. Therefore, only a small group of individuals who had mastered these theories could form a vanguard. Through mobilizing the masses and establishing a highly organized and efficient structure, this vanguard would lead the way in building socialism. Stalin adopted the concepts of the vanguard party and public ownership in a more dogmatic manner, and made initial attempts at collective production and a communist way of life. The other one is simple as we both live in North America so we know what leftist are like. They were influenced by classical Marxism as well as the ideas of later theorists. They abandoned certain narratives about revolution and instead focused on democracy. Through social activism and other means, they sought votes and public support. Within the existing political system, they aimed to advance social equality by promoting policies such as income redistribution and racial equality. In doing so, they sought to gradually move toward the vision of socialism that Marx outlined in the 19th century. The both way has their own issue. The Soviet Union’s death has proved the first type’s default, In the short term, the vanguard party can contribute to rapid social advancement—this was the foundation for the Soviet Union’s emergence as a superpower in a relatively short period. However, in the long run, the vanguard is prone to corruption. Once fully corrupted, it can subject the population to severe oppression. This is evident in the contrast between the Soviet Union’s formidable military power and the low standard of living experienced by its citizens. Furthermore, events such as the Ukrainian famine and the Great Purge under Stalin cast serious doubt on the vanguard theory, suggesting that the vanguard may fail to genuinely represent the people—a critical requirement for any socialist regime. Regarding the second issue, Mao once offered his own critique. He argued that the kind of democracy practiced in existing capitalist countries was not a reliable form of democracy. Instead, it primarily served the interests of large corporations, and the electoral process was more of a tool for power struggles than genuine popular representation. In this context, Mao believed that the classical Marxists’ relatively mild and gradualist approach was insufficient to bring about real social change.
(Personally, I think this perspective makes a lot of sense.)
The first was the idea of “turning everyone into the vanguard.” In mid-20th century China, people were actively encouraged to study philosophy. From the modern philosophical starting point of Descartes to German idealists like Kant and Hegel, then to Marx—the most important of all—and finally to Lenin, Stalin, and Mao himself, philosophical study was seen as vital. Mao strongly promoted this intellectual engagement. He even had a debate with Khrushchev on this issue: while Khrushchev believed in maintaining the scarcity of the vanguard, Mao argued that everyone could and should become part of the vanguard.
The second was Mao’s conception of “Great Democracy” (大民主). The first key element of this idea was based on the Paris Commune model, which, simply put, consisted of three principles:
1. All officials, from the lowest to the highest, must be elected by the people;
2. All officials could be dismissed at any time if they failed to represent the people;
3. Officials should enjoy no special privileges.
During the Cultural Revolution, for example, the income of many officials was significantly reduced in accordance with this principle. Mao also,reduce his own salary to 2/3
Another crucial element of “Great Democracy” was people’s right to rebellion. In the 20th century, civil disobedience was often discussed—namely, whether people had the right to refuse to comply with oppressive policies,such as luther king. Mao took a more radical stance: not only did he support disobedience, he also believed in the right to overthrow oppressive policies and the individuals enforcing them.
During the Cultural Revolution, one vivid example was when citizens stormed into officials’ offices and dragged them out into the streets—this reflected Mao’s radical emphasis on popular mobilization.
At the core of Maoism lies the Theory of Continuous Revolution. Mao believed that any society, over time, will accumulate contradictions. To truly address these contradictions, periodic radical revolutions were necessary. He proposed that China should enter a revolutionary state every ten years—as the only way to keep the country on the right track.
To summarize: Mao and Maoism, from every perspective, represent a “third type” of socialist practice. Learning from both Soviet and Western Marxist traditions, Maoism absorbed their insights, criticized their weaknesses, and synthesized their strengths, thereby pushing socialism to a new stage.
In my view, the game (referring to the game narrative) did not quite succeed in capturing these aspects. Maoism, as depicted in the game, appears closer to the Soviet model.
(As a side note, it’s interesting that Mao predicted the fall of the Soviet Union in the 1960s–70s. He believed that maintaining the scarcity of the vanguard and failing to trust its people would eventually lead to alienation between the people and the soviet. This, in his view, would result in the people abandoning the regime—a prophecy that came true with the collapse of the USSR in 1991.)
Still, regardless of how the game interprets it, the fact that it is willing to depict that era at all is already something we, as Chinese people, can appreciate.
I appreciate the information about China, it is nice to hear about it from people who live it. Too often I hear misinformation (both pro and against), so it is nice to hear different perspectives.