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Help yourself out
http://lmgtfy.com/?q=general+purpose+machine+gun
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General-purpose_machine_gun
History
The general-purpose machine gun (GPMG) originated with the MG 34, designed in 1934 by Heinrich Vollmer of Mauser on the commission of Nazi Germany to circumvent the restrictions on machine guns imposed by the Treaty of Versailles. It was introduced into the Wehrmacht as an entirely new concept in automatic firepower, dubbed the Einheitsmaschinengewehr, meaning "universal machine gun" in German.[3][4][5] In itself the MG 34 was an excellent weapon for its time: an air-cooled, recoil-operated machine gun that could run through belts of 7.92×57mm Mauser ammunition at a rate of 850 rounds per minute, delivering killing firepower at ranges of more than 1,000 meters.[4][5] The main feature of the MG 34 is that by simply by changing its mount, sights and feed mechanism, the operator could radically transform its function: on its standard bipod it was a light machine gun ideal for infantry assaults; on a tripod it could serve as a sustained-fire medium machine gun; mounting on aircraft or vehicles turned it into an air defence weapon, and it also served as the coaxial machine gun on numerous German tanks.[4][5]
During World War II, the MG 34 was superseded by a new GPMG, the MG 42, although it remained in combat use.[6][7][8] The MG 42 was more efficient to manufacture, more robust, and had an extremely high rate of fire of 1,200 to 1,500 rounds per minute.[6][7][8] Arguably the finest all-round GPMG ever produced, it was nicknamed "Hitler's buzzsaw" by troops of Allies, and alongside the MG 34 it inflicted heavy casualties on Allied soldiers on all European and North African front of World War II.[6][8][9] Following the end of the war the victorious Allied nations took interest in the MG 34 and MG 42, influencing many post-war general-purpose machine guns, many of which are still in use today. They lent design elements to the Belgian FN MAG and the American M60, while spawning the Zastava M53, Swiss M51, and Austrian MG 74. Such were its qualities of firepower and usability that it became the foundation of an entire series of postwar machine guns, including the MG 1 and MG 3 - the latter is still in production and service to this day.[6][7][8][10]
What do you know, the only image to the side of the entire ♥♥♥♥♥♥♥ article is an image of the MG42.
Infact the entire article is basically just discussing MG42. Because Machine Guns today are successors of the MG34/42.
Oh, we've got some more.
Post-WWII examples (- OF MG42s GPMGs.)
German Rheinmetall MG 3, a direct descendant of the MG 42, is still in service with the German Army and others.
German Heckler & Koch HK21, is based on the Heckler & Koch G3 rifle and widely exported.
German Heckler & Koch MG5, the new standard machine gun of the German Army.
Belgian FN MAG, which copied the MG 42's feed-system and trigger-mechanism.[11] It is the most widely used GPMG among western armies.
Belgian Mk 48, is a GPMG based on the FN Minimi light machine gun and M249 SAW.
American M60, which is based on the German FG 42 and uses the MG 42's feed-system and stamp-steel construction.[12][13]
American M240, itself an FN MAG variant. It replaced the M60 in U.S. service.
....
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M60_machine_gun
Machine Gun, Caliber 7.62 mm, M60
M60GPMG.jpeg
A right-side view of the M60 machine gun
Type General-purpose machine gun
"... The M60 was designed for mass production, just like the MG42 it was based on. ..."
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FN_MAG
Type General-purpose machine gun
(This is what the M240 is, incase you didn't know. I presume you don't know because you said "Also the M240 was designed as a...". At this point it seems like you don't actually reliably know anything about the basics of small arms. Like you don't even know basic terminology and types.
Small Arms Weapons of the U.S military are generally Belgian designs and from FN Herstal. Not American designs.)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M1918_Browning_Automatic_Rifle
Type Automatic Rifle
Light Machine Gun
Squad Automatic Weapon
The US Army began phasing out the BAR in the late 1950s, when it was intended to be replaced by a squad automatic weapon (SAW) variant of the M14, and was without a portable light machine gun until the introduction of the M60 machine gun in 1957. The M60, however, was really a general-purpose machine gun (GPMG) and was used as a SAW only because the army had no other tool for the job until the M249 Squad Automatic Weapon in the mid-1980s.[5]
These WW2 'Light Machine Guns' and 'Heavy Machine Guns' are dead. The MG42 ended them. MG42 made it so that Machine Guns which fire Full Calibre rounds are designed as a GPMG like the MG42. (Though some nuances and this can change in future with changing warfare and improved engineering of firearms and intermediate rounds found to be lacking, especially against body armour)
The purpose built Light Machine Gun became a weapon which fires intermediate round. Goodnight BARs, Brens etc.
The purpose built Heavy Machine Gun became a weapon which fires a heavy round. Goodnight Vickers, Maxims etc.
If it fires a Full Calibre round then it is generally designed as a GPMG, as started by the MG42.
The BAR, the Bren etc, have no successor because the concept of a purpose built Light Machine Gun as firing a full calibre round was killed by the MG42. That's why the U.S Army has no purpose built Light Machine Gun until adoptation of the FN Minimi as the M249 SAW firing 5.56.
The FN MAG, the M60 etc are successors to the MG42. They are designed as General Purpose Machine Guns. They are based on the MG42.
So fun fact during WW2 the U.S actually tried to copy the MG42
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T24_machine_gun
The U.S reverse engineered it and failed as it didn't work with the 30-06 springfield.
Strange how we don't see Germans trying to copy the piece of ♥♥♥♥ machine guns used by U.S.A. I wonder why that could be? Oh, yea, because they're caveman designs for what a machine gun should be.
[/quote]
You better stay out of Academia then or your brain might explode as you're arguing against the basis of all fields of science. This is incredible. So basically we can't know anything and can never make any presumptions about reality to work with? Well lads it's back to the caves for us.
uhhhhhh.... Chaos Theory is comes from and is studied through analytical mathematical models.
You're incredible.
No. It's data for military simulations.
He is the author of the 8 series of books Operational Barbarossa the Complete Organisational and Statistical Analysis, and Military Simulation.
http://www.operationbarbarossa.net/
http://www.operationbarbarossa.net/the-books/
This was the best bit though
Just Pleb AF. You'd think we'd have discussions about data and statistics and what designs are actually for, right? Talking about all the facts and empirical research people have been doing. Well you'd be wrong. Teen Male Usengi likes to use reasoning and walk you through chains of logic to arrive at conclusions you then make a model from assumptions. Yea, that's right, he's one of those people. Someone from 500BC and all our post Antiquity concepts of science are totally alien to him.
uhhhhhh.... Chaos Theory is comes from and is studied through analytical mathematical models.
You're incredible.
No. It's data for military simulations.
He is the author of the 8 series of books Operational Barbarossa the Complete Organisational and Statistical Analysis, and Military Simulation.
http://www.operationbarbarossa.net/
http://www.operationbarbarossa.net/the-books/
This was the best bit though
Just Pleb AF. You'd think we'd have discussions about data and statistics and what designs are actually for, right? Talking about all the facts and empirical research people have been doing. Well you'd be wrong. Teen Male Usengi likes to use reasoning and walk you through chains of logic to arrive at conclusions you then make a model from assumptions. Yea, that's right, he's one of those people. Someone from 500BC and all our post Antiquity concepts of science are totally alien to him. [/quote]
"The main feature of the MG 34 is that by simply by changing its mount, sights and feed mechanism, the operator could radically transform its function: on its standard bipod it was a light machine gun ideal for infantry assaults; on a tripod it could serve as a sustained-fire medium machine gun; mounting on aircraft or vehicles turned it into an air defence weapon, and it also served as the coaxial machine gun on numerous German tanks."
Those are all things the M1919 can do. You're whining about terminology essentially as the US designated the M1919 a .30 cal machine gun. In fact by your logic the M240 which is designated 7.62 machine gun would also not be a GPMG.
The M60 and M240 aren't based off the MG42, The M60 is based off the Lewis Gun and the M240/MAG are based off the M1918 BAR, The MK48 is a light machine gun, not a GPMG.
"So fun fact during WW2 the U.S actually tried to copy the MG42
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T24_machine_gun
The U.S reverse engineered it and failed as it didn't work with the 30-06 springfield.
Strange how we don't see Germans trying to copy the piece of♥♥♥♥♥♥machine guns used by U.S.A. I wonder why that could be? Oh, yea, because they're caveman designs for what a machine gun should be."
The US rejected the MG3 from service because of its low MTBF compared to the M60. The T24 similarly was too unreliable to be used as an effective weapon by the US because of inheirant flaws with the design. During WW1 the most popular German machine gun was a derrivative of the American Maxim gun, with the 2nd most popular being the American lewis gun, during WW2 the Germans produced hundreds of thousands of BARs in Poland and Belgium that were fielded in elite shock infantry units in lieu of the MG34 and MG42 due to their ineffectiveness as an assault weapon. And today the German Army is replacing the MG3 with the M2 browning, MG4 and MG5 which the MG4 and MG5 are both based off the operating system of the AR-18. Which H&K copied and put into the majority of their small arms designs in the last 30 years, including the G36, XM8, MP7, MG4, MG5, HK417, HK416, HK433 etc.
Thank you for admitting you use video games data as a source. No one can make assesments that specific from what is literally the largest conflict in human history with that level of precision and no historian worth his bones would try. Simply put that's all designed for contexting game design based on whatever the author feels like saying.
Anyway you don't understand how warfare or design works. And you should work on making your replies more condensed and better written as it's frustrating enough to read through it without being pages of monotonous nonsense.
lol you're not seriously arguing against what different types of weapons are as explained to you by anywhere?
Are you now going to start editing wikipedia because it doesn't agree with how you imagined everything is?
https://www.mcdonalds.com/us/en-us/careers.html
After WW2 all nations copied Germany and followed the MG34/42.
The MG34/42 is one of the most revolutionary and successful Small Arms ever made.
The standard German machine gun in 1941 was the 7.92mm MG 34. The MG 34 was the world's first General Purpose Machine Gun (GPMG), a term that is standard in today's armies but was unknown in 1939. The MG 34 was the first true GPMG because it was used as the standard infantry squad automatic (on a bipod) as well as the platoon or company's MMG-HMGs (on a tripod). It even had a respectable anti-aircraft (AA) capability due to its very high rate of fire (900 rounds per minute), accuracy and ammunition feed. The origins of the MG 34 go back to 1930 when the Swiss company of Solothurn produced a MG called the MG 30 which they offered to the German army. The MG 30 was a very advanced design and was probably the first 'straight line' MG design. It incorporated a butt in prolongation with the barrel axis and an ingenious quick change barrel design, both features of the MG 34. However the German Army was not impressed with the weapon and asked Mauserwerke (Mauser) to improve on its design. Mauserwerke jettisoned the side feeding box magazine and designed a new belt feed mechanism which could also take the saddle drum magazine used on the MG 15. The bolt locking system, the recoil system, and the barrel changing system were also all redesigned. The resultant MG34 was immediately accepted by the German Army for two main reasons: it was technically the finest weapon in its class in the world, and more importantly it fit in with the German Army's infantry squad tactics which had been continually developed during and after WWI.
The most far reaching impact of the MG 34 was tactical rather than mechanical. To understand this very important fact, we need to digress slightly and examine in simple terms how infantry squads worked in combat during this period. The infantry squad was essentially the smallest self-contained manoeuvre unit on the battlefield. It was capable of independent action and had both the structure and morale to be sent into action unsupported. The typical infantry squad of 8-12 men and could be separated into four functional parts. These were: command section (the squad leader), communication section (radio if available, which they weren't in the Red Army), heavy weapons section (LMG, automatic rifles, heavy AT weapons) and assault section (rifles, SMGs, grenades, flamethrowers, light AT weapons). The assault section (also often called the rifle section) was usually the largest section in the squad, with the 'command' and 'communication' sections also part of this group when the situation required. In general terms the infantry squad operated as follows. In offensive situations the heavy weapons section was expected to cover and suppress the enemy's firepower, enable the assault section to close and neutralise the enemy position. In defence the heavy weapons section was expected to provide the bulk of the firepower needed to eliminate the enemy attack, with the assault section protecting the flanks of the main defence.
To fulfil these requirements, the ideal squad MG had to be: light enough to be carried forward by one man to directly support an attack, able to be brought into action within less than a minute, easily concealed, operated by one or two men at most, have adequate firepower (rate of fire, ammunition feed and accuracy) to suppress and inflict damage on the enemy defences, and be able to maintain a sustained fire for a long period (i.e have adequate barrel cooling and be reliable). Like many technical specifications, the squad MG was a trade-off between conflicting requirements. Traditionally in MG design, 'adequate firepower', 'cooling' and 'sustained fire' meant belt fed ammunition and some form of assisted cooling such as water. These in turn meant the weapon was very heavy (far too heavy to be carried forward), difficult to conceal and slow into action. In addition, the voracious appetite for ammunition of automatic weapons meant the squad MG required an ammunition system which other members of the squad could support; specifically they could carry some of the required ammunition forward in support of the MG team.
The result was that every other army (except the German Army) opted for air cooled and magazined fed designs, which collectively became known as light machine guns (LMGs). It was felt that the LMG could still provide adequate firepower to 'do the job' and there was essentially no choice anyway. It was simply impractical to have anything but air cooled barrels and it was felt that having squads members festooned with ammunition belts was unworkable. Separate ammunition magazines (with 20-30 rounds each) could be carried by all squad members, and the resultant limitations on fire rate, coupled with a LMG designed to fire 400-600 rounds per minute, meant the cooling problem could be managed. The US army didn't even opt for the LMG as the standard squad automatic in the interwar years. Instead they opted for the Browning automatic rifle (BAR) M1918A2. This was essentially a heavy automatic rifle with a bottom loading 20 round magazine (which is inconvenient to change in action) and an extremely violent action. At 10kg in weight, the BAR was a heavy as contemporary LMGs without the flexibility and firepower advantages of most current LMGs. Amazingly, the BAR remained the US army's squad light automatic weapon until after WWII.
Unfortunately for the rest of the world, the LMG compromise did not satisfy the Germany Army's tactical combat requirement in the interwar years. Ever since the development of 'shock troop tactics' by the German Army in WWI, the Germans (along with some other armies) had struggled to find a MG which could meet all the demands required of a modern squad MG. They decided to pursue the concept of the General Purpose Machine Gun (GPMG); a weapon capable of meeting the demands of the squad LMG and also powerful enoguh to equip the heavy MG platoons and companies. Firstly, they ignored the idea that having squad members festooned with ammunition betls was unworkable. As it turned out this was true, and I am often amused to see modern day infantry squads with belt ammunition draped over their shoulders on newsreels and photos! Secondly, the problem of cooling was solved by using a perforated air cooled barrel and more importantly, an ingenious and very rapid barrel changing system. Barrel changing was simplified by hinging the gun body to the rear end of the barrel casing; unlatching allowed the gun body to be swung sideways and the barrel pulled straight out of its bearings. In action, a good crew could change the barrel in 5-10 seconds! Finally, the Germans kept the MG 34 light enough to be carried and brought into action by one man. With a bipod attached to the barrel (standard in LMGs) the MG 34 weighted 12.2kg. This is only marginally heavier than the oustanding British Bren LMG at 10.1kg, the Red Army's DP 1928 LMG at 9.3kg, and the US Army's BAR at 10kg.
If the MG 34 was required to fulfil the role of MMG (medium MG) or even HMG (Heavy MG), it was fitted to a small tripod (weighing 6.75kg) or more commonly to a large tripod (weighing 23.6kg). The large tripod incorporated a sprung cradle to reduce the recoil and vibration, and the facility for telescopic gun sights and remote firing capability on a fixed arc. On the large tripod, the MG 34 was effective out to 2 500-3 000 metres. Coupled with the much higher rate of fire, this meant that the MG 34 also outperformed most contemporary WWII HMGS. The only real weakness of the MG 34 was that it was too good! The quality of design and workmanship meant long and precise manufacturing processes, and the weapon was very expensive for a squad weapon. As WWII progressed MG 34 production could not match demand. This led direclty to the even more formidable, cheaper and easier to manufacture MG 42. The MG42 is considered by many experts to be one of the finest MGs ever made and matched by few rivals even today. The post-war US M60 LMG and British L7A1 GPMG unashamedly copoied the best features of the MG 42. When the German Bundeswehr was reconstituted in the 1950s they considered the MG 42 better than anything on offer! The result was the MG 42 was placed back into production by Rheinmetall (in 7.62 NATO calibre) as the MG 1, and later the MG 3.
Considering all the above it is not unreasonable to ask; was the German Army's advantage in GPMGs significant in the overall scheme of a modern war like the Eastern Front during WWII? Applying the methodology detailed in part II (The Structure of the 1941 Soviet and Axis Resource Database) to the various MGs from WWII enables us to gain an insight into this question. Table Ger Res Database 1 reveals that the MG 34 in LMG made had an OCPC (Overall Combat Power Coefficient) value of 8.56, while the HMG mode the OCPC was 11.96. The corresponsing tables from the Soviet FILARM model reveal the DP 1928 (squad LMG) had an OCPC value of 5.37, while the comparatively heavy and cumbersome Maxim 1910 MMG had an OCPC value of 8.63. This means that on average German infantry squads had around 1.6 times more direct firepower than the best equipped Soviet Rifle suqads. It also means that a German infantry squad had similar firepower to an enemy MMG, and was able to rapidly move this firepower forward to immediately support any attack of defence
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mk_48_machine_gun
Mk 48 Mod 0
Mk 48 PEO Soldier.jpg
Mk 48 Mod 0
Type General-purpose machine gun
The Bundeswehr chose the MG42 because it was the cheapest option available. that's the only positive of German weapons is that they're extremely cheaply made. That's also why they're now replacing it with designs that are actually based entirely on postwar GPMG designs. Because the Bundeswehr never saw combat for 60 years after the war ended. And before the war ended the Nazis had an army based around child soldiers so they didn't care about quality.
Also i'm curious as to where you copied all this crap from? I'm just dismissing this guy out of hand since he thinks the FN MAG is a British design. Also he thinks that the BAR was as heavy as any other light machine gun despite the MG42 weighing over 9 pounds more unloaded than the BAR does with a full magazine.
Another flaw is they claim there were communication troops in the Nazi army squads. The only countries to have man-portable radios during WW2 were the US and Britain. Nazi radios weighed about 300lbs minimum and had had to be transported by horse a lot of the time. Not to mention the fact he's confusing a Squad and Platoon. You have to wonder how much research this guy has actually done.
The MK48 is by all acounts a light machine gun, it can't be used for anything other than its intended role as a light machine gun. and it was designed to be lighter than the heavier M240 and M60 to be used by infantry specifically.
I see you'd rather defer to the infaliability of wikipedia when it comes to this but let's see what the designers of the gun have to say.
"The FN® MK 48 MOD 1 brings the extended range and greater penetration of the hard-hitting 7.62x51mm round in a lighter, more compact platform. In use by U.S. special operators, it was designed to be light and compact enough to keep up with fast-moving troops as they maneuver on and close with the enemy. The MK 48 MOD 1 can additionally augment conventional ground forces as well, when a maneuverable, lightweight larger caliber machine gun is needed."
https://fnamerica.com/products/machine-guns/fn-mk-48-mod-1/
That doesn't sound like GPMG to me, They mention the word light a lot though.
History
The general-purpose machine gun (GPMG) originated with the MG 34,
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MG_34
The Maschinengewehr 34, or MG 34, is a German recoil-operated air-cooled machine gun, first tested in 1929, introduced in 1934, and issued to units in 1936. It introduced an entirely new concept in automatic firepower – the Einheitsmaschinengewehr (Universal machine gun) – and is generally considered the world's first general-purpose machine gun (GPMG).[2][3][4][5]
The problem here is that you're not actually reading what the article is explaining to you and what a GPMG is.
The M1919 is not a GPMG. It is simply designed to fulfill MMG role. It's not designed so for attacking. You don't understand what a Light Machine Gun originally was.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M1919_Browning_machine_gun
Type Medium machine gun
The emergence of general-purpose machine guns in the 1950s pushed the M1919 into secondary roles in many cases, especially after the arrival of the M60 in US Army service. The United States Navy also converted many to 7.62mm NATO, and designated them Mk 21 Mod 0; they were commonly used on river craft in the 1960s and 1970s in Vietnam.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light_machine_gun
History
In 1903, French military theorists noticed that the heavy machine guns of the day were of little use in infantry assaults. They determined that "the machine gun must learn to walk".[1] They researched the possibility of a light machine gun which could be carried by troops. A marching fire tactic was theorised, using incidental suppressive fire, with the advancing troops considered a deadlier threat than the un-aimed bullets, causing the enemy to fall back. The prototype guns were not approved for production, and none were in service when World War I began.[1] The French quickly brought the prototypes to mass production to boost the firepower of advancing infantry.
By the end of World War II, light machine guns were usually being issued on a scale of one per fire team or squad, and the modern infantry squad had emerged with tactics that were built around the use of the LMG to provide suppressive fire.[citation needed]
Before the MG34 'Light', 'Medium' and 'Heavy' were to do with how much sustained firepower they were designed to put out.
'Light' was a tradeoff of this ability for mobility and ease of one man to operate it while being mobile.
The MG34 created a gun which can put out more firepower than MMGs and HMGs, while also being light enough, reliable enough, quick enough to change barrel etc, so that one man can use it in an attack.
The MG34 can fulfil the roles of LMG, MMG and HMG while also overall being even better at being a defensive weapon than WW2 "MMGs" and "HMGs" because of high rate of fire.
That is what a GPMG is.
The MG34 being the first GPMG made these old concepts of LMG, MMG, and HMG obsolete.
A purpose-built LMG became a Machine Gun that fires a Intermediate round - even more specially designed for attack and mobility than a GPMG can be.
A purpose-built HMG became a Machine Gun that fires a Heavy round, such as .50.
MMGs died, or the term is now used colloquially for GPMGs.
What you're not grasping here is the difference between roles weapons can fulfil, and weapons being a purpose-built Light/Medium/Heavy Machine Gun.
The whole concept of a GPMG is from the MG34/42. To make any sort of GPMG is to copy what the MG34 started.
Also much of the engineering of the M60 and other post-MG34 machine guns is taken from the MG34, but that's not what is being discussed.
It's like MG34/42, M60, FN MAG are Pick up Trucks. The MG34/42 IS THE FIRST PICK UP TRUCK EVER. And you're obsessing over parts of the engines in some buses and garbage trucks and dump trucks and mobile cranes talking about how they are actually the first pick up truck. It's ♥♥♥♥♥♥♥ retarded.
The MG34 can do all of what these crappy LMGs and MMGs and HMGs in WW2 can do, and generally it can do each of those things far better.
With LMGs it isn't until 5.56 rounds that you get what we now consider a purpose-built LMG and can fulfil that role better than a GPMG.
purpose-built MMGs become completely obsolete.
HMGs also become obsolete as infantry weapons as it doesn't really work with infantry and how mobile they should ideally be, how infantry combat is becoming closer range, and how GPMG can effectively fulfill this role, the MG34 doing it even better than most purpose-built HMGs.
The L7A1 is a British gun. It is British built and the design of FN MAG is changed by the British. The FN MAG is a FN Herstal design. It is based on a Belgian design, but British variant is British gun.
MG42 is still one of the best GPMG until today. All GPMGs - FN MAG, M60, etc are continuation of the MG34 as the first GPMG.
It's been a tried and proven weapon for 80 years. Even today it is arguably one of the best GPMGs 80 years after being built.
German Small Arms are generally the best in the world along with Belgian small arms. Of course today much of FN Herstal and H&K etc work isn't strictly 'German' or 'Belgian' as they have offices in France and U.K too. U.K could have continued to be one of the best small arms producers in the world but this was destroyed by lolbertard economics gutting industry, which can led to stuff like Nazism.
Also what weapons a country chooses isn't a matter of what is best. You seem to have a very naive approach to this. This is also about deal-making and industry.
That's fine, it's not like anyone would ever take you seriously since you clearly have absolutely no ♥♥♥♥♥♥♥ idea what so ever what the ♥♥♥♥ you're on about and are a clown lol who needs basics explained to him.
The BAR is as heavy as any other Light Machine Gun. The MG34/42 is a GPMG, which also is aslight or almost as light as any of the WW2 LMGs, which being far superior to any of the WW2 LMGs.
He is the author of Operation Barbarossa series of books, which is some of the most thorough and best data analysis on combat in WW2 ever done.
http://www.operationbarbarossa.net/
these are the books
http://www.operationbarbarossa.net/the-books/
also some great articles on the site.
Here's one talking about what a piece of ♥♥♥♥ the T-34 was in combat:
http://www.operationbarbarossa.net/the-t-34-in-wwii-the-legend-vs-the-performance/
Here's one about how the supposed Siberian soldiers in Moscow in the winter of '41/'42 is a myth:
http://operationbarbarossa.net/the-siberian-divisions-and-the-battle-for-moscow-in-1941-42/
One about ineffectiveness of 'Tank Buster' aircraft in WW2:
http://www.operationbarbarossa.net/combat-aircraft-versus-armour-in-wwii/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General-purpose_machine_gun
A general-purpose machine gun (GPMG) is an air-cooled, fully automatic weapon that can be adapted to light machine gun and medium machine gun roles.[1] A GPMG weapon will typically feature a quick-change barrel, configuration for mounting on bipods, tripods, and vehicles as infantry support weapons, and calibered to fire full-powered rifle cartridges such as the 7.62×51mm NATO, 7.62×54mmR, 7.5×54mm French, 7.5×55mm Swiss, and 7.92×57mm Mauser.[2]
Just the official definition.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light_machine_gun
Characteristics
Whilst early light machine guns fired full calibre service ammunition, modern light machine guns often fire smaller-calibre cartridges than medium machine guns, and are usually lighter and more compact. Some LMGs, such as the Russian RPK, are modifications of existing assault rifle designs and designed to share the same ammunition.
A light machine gun is also defined by its usage as well as its specifications: some machine guns - notably general-purpose machine guns - may be deployed either as a light machine gun or a medium machine gun. Deployed on a tripod and used for sustained-fire it is a medium machine gun; if deployed with a bipod with the operator in prone position and firing short bursts it is a light machine gun.
Light machine guns are also designed to be fired from the hip or on the move as a form of suppressive fire intended to pin down the enemy. Marching fire is a specific tactic that relies on this capability.
Lighter modern LMGs have enabled them to be issued down at the fireteam level, with two or three at the section/squad level.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mk_48_machine_gun
Type General-purpose machine gun
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light_machine_gun
And nowhere there do they say it's a Light Machine Gun.
They say it's a Machine Gun. This is colloquial for being a GPMG or 'MMG'.
A machine gun being light weight doesn't make it a Light Machine Gun. That's not what a Light Machine Gun is.
It's not a Light Machine Gun.
It fires full caliber rounds. That makes it a GPMG. The MK48 is a child of the M34.
The MG34 made WW2 era 'Light Machine Gun' obsolete because the MG34 was better at being a LMG, a MMG, a HMG, than any of them all at once.
Puprose-built Light Machine Guns became those which fire a intermediate round.
Purpose-built Heavy Machine Guns became those which fire a heavy round.
You are lacking the most basic knowledge of what you're talking about.
MG34/42 were enormously powerful and superior weapons in WW2. The LMGs, MMGs, and HMGs that other Nations used were outdated and obsolete designs. That's why they were abandoned in favour of the MG34/42's creation of the GPMG.
It doesn't matter if the L7A1 is a British variant. The FN MAG is a Belgian design. This also contradicts your claim that all GPMGs are derrived from the MG34. Especially considering the M60 and FN MAG aren't derrived from the MG34 or MG42.
The MG34 was awkwardly forced into roles it was no good at in an effort to save resources. It's not revolutionary.
The M1919 was used as a light, heavy, vehicle mounted, aircraft weapon etc. It predates the MG34 by over a decade. You have absolutely no clue what you're talking about. And neither does your source.
The MK48 is a LMG. The entire purpose of a LMG is to make an Infantry weapon with the firepower of a machine gun. http://www.fnherstal.com/en/product/fn-minimi-762
Here's it's alternate title for the European market. The Minimi 7.62. notice the classification? Don't use wikipedia as a source.
http://www.fnherstal.com/en/product/fn-mag
In fact they consider the FN MAG to be a medium machine gun like the M1919. Not a GPMG.
You claimed L7A1 "Isn't British". It's a British gun. Pretty sure it is entirely exclusively used by the British military along with probably some commonwealth countries, regardless the weapons originates as the British Army's Gun. Not sure what you're trying to get at here, just more of you arguing silly things.
A GPMG can be used as both a Light Machine Gun and a Medium Machine Gun. That is what a GPMG is.
The FN MAG is a GPMG. In the British military, similar to other militaries, it is even called "The GPMG", not "L7A2 Support Weapon". You fire "The GPMG"
As I've already told you Purpose-built Medium Machine Guns ended in WW2 so now GPMGs are colloquially called MMGs.
If it is full caliber then it can be used in a Medium Machine Gun role, generally. 21st C. and future developments isn't relevant to what we're discussing, rather developments going forward help explain why the MG34 was good. Yes, it is true that today because a Machine Gun simply is 7.62 that it can fulfil MMG role is not necessarily true, as already touched on previously. Guns could be a purpose-built Light Machine Gun while being full caliber, though these rather are weapons forsaking most of the other design aspects for sustained fire to fit a Full Caliber round into a LMG role - Usually they're modified Assault Rifles/Battle Rifles to be belt-fed or have large magazines and changing them to open bolt and putting heavier barrels on them etc, such guns have been around for a while, often find such conversions of Battle Rifle and Assault Rifles amongst East Asian militaries, but exceptions to the rule prove the rule. Any Full Caliber Machine Gun can be used as a Medium Machine Gun if it hasn't forsaken abilities for sustained fire in order to fit that full caliber more effectively into a LMG role - it's only 5.56 which is restricted to a Light Machine Gun role and you're looking at this the wrong way around. The entire point of a GPMG is that it can fulfil both a Light Machine Gun and GPMG role. As already said with warfare changing and futuristic shiz and things shifting toward heavier calibers it could become that 7.62 is no longer adequate for the role of a MMG, so 6.8 and 7.62 become intermediate, 5.56 is being found inadequate, firepower has to deal with improvements in protection, advances in firearm engineering allow guns of larger calibers to be designed to get more bullets on target faster. I'm the one who talked about this first. Going forwards firearms are becoming more experimental, and further engineering improvements in 21st century we can get all sorts of things - you could get a .50 machine gun with a Kraut Space Magic recoil system and super Graphne bullets that makes it the most capable of fulfilling Light Machine Gun role ever while also being a 3km sniper and anti-armour artillery weapon, but by then maybe we'll have laser weapons. You're grasping at straws. We're developing Laser Weapons, that has nothing to do with what we're talking about.
Convo is about the MG34 and how it was revolutionary, rather this whole aspect is not contradictory to what the MG34 did and how firearms change, but is relevant to understanding what the MG34 did in the middle of the 20th century.
M1919 is a WW2 MMG because it is a purpose-built MMG and is not capable of effectively fulfilling roles of both a MMG and LMG. However the A6 variant was a WW2 purpose-built LMG, which could not put out sustained firepower to fulfil role of a MMG - maybe this is what you're thinking of that is confusing you?:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M1919_Browning_machine_gun
During the war it became clear to the US military that the M1918 Browning Automatic Rifle, while portable, was utterly insufficient as a sustained fire weapon due to its fixed barrel and 20-round magazine. The M1919A4 was faster and cheaper to produce, but did not have the portability of a rifle to be easily deployed by infantry. Realising that producing an entirely new replacement machine gun would take years, the military decided that a stop-gap solution would be best, to adapt an already existing design. The M1919A6 was an attempt at such a solution, to parallel the designs of the German MG 34 and MG 42 machine guns, each of which were portable for a squad weapon and were effective at sustained fire.
The M1919A6 first saw combat service in the fall of 1943. It had a metal buttstock assembly that clamped to the backplate of the gun, and a front barrel bearing that incorporated both a muzzle booster and a bipod similar to that used on the M1918 BAR rifle. A lighter barrel than that of the M1919A4 was fitted, and a carry handle was attached to the barrel jacket to make it easier to carry. Previous designs could change the barrel, but it required field stripping the gun - the pistol grip back plate, bolt group and the trigger group all had to be removed before the barrel could finally be replaced, and this put the gun out of action for minutes, and risked losing and damaging parts in the field. The M1919A6 muzzle device allowed the gun crew to replace the barrel from the front, an improvement, but still an awkward procedure compared to other machine guns of the day. The M1919A6 was a heavy (32 pounds (15 kg)) and awkward weapon in comparison with the MG34 (26 pounds (12 kg)) and MG42 (25 pounds (11 kg)) and was eventually replaced in US service by the M60 machine gun (23.15 pounds (10.50 kg)) in the 1960s.
Explain how the MG34 had any awkwardness fulfilling different roles.
The MG34 was more effective in Light Machine Gun role than other nation's purpose-built WW2 LMGs of full caliber.
The MG34 was more effective in Medium Machine Gun role than other nation's purpose-built MMGs.
The MG34 was often even more effective in Heavy Machine Gun role than other nation's purpose-built HMGs, and these roles became near obsolete to be used by infantry in a battlefield.
Explain why it is that post-WW2 other nations follow suit and adopt the GPMG role that the MG34 created.
Explain why it is that post-WW2 other nations abandon purpose-built MMGs.
Explain why it is that post-WW2 other nations abandon previous concept of HMGs and make purpose-built HMGs to mean guns firing heavy rounds.
Explain why it is that post-WW2 other nations abandon purpose-bulit HMGs as infantry weapons.
Explain why it is that post-WW2 other nations abandon previous concept of LMGs and until they make neew purpose-built LMGs of Machine Guns firing intermediate rounds.
They all copy what Germany does with the MG34.
They abandon WW2 concept of LMGs, MMGs, and HMGs as known in WW2.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General-purpose_machine_gun
History
The general-purpose machine gun (GPMG) originated with the MG 34,
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MG_34
The Maschinengewehr 34, or MG 34, is a German recoil-operated air-cooled machine gun, first tested in 1929, introduced in 1934, and issued to units in 1936. It introduced an entirely new concept in automatic firepower – the Einheitsmaschinengewehr (Universal machine gun) – and is generally considered the world's first general-purpose machine gun (GPMG).[2][3][4][5]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medium_machine_gun
A medium machine gun (MMG), in modern terms, usually refers to a belt-fed automatic firearm firing a full-power rifle cartridge.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M1919_Browning_machine_gun
The M1919 Browning is a .30 caliber medium machine gun
Type Medium machine gun
http://modernfirearms.net/en/machineguns/u-s-a-machineguns/browning-m1917-m1919-eng/
The “light” M1919A6 machine gun was fitted with a detachable shoulder stock which was clamped onto a buffer tube, and a detachable bipod with adjustable legs which was clamped to the barrel jacket. Additionally, a carrying handle can be attached to the barrel jacket near the receiver. The M1919A6 barrels were of lighter profile, and thus badly suited for sustained fire.
Not capable of putting out sustained firepower to be a MMG.
http://modernfirearms.net/en/machineguns/germany-machineguns/mg-34-eng/
MG-34 also is nototious for being the first ever true Universal machine gun, that could be used as a light machine gun from bipod, as a sustained fire, medium machine gun on tripod, as a tank or AA gun.
...
But the most major advantage of the MG-34 was its versatility, and it set the trend for numerous latter designs.
http://modernfirearms.net/en/machine-guns/
In 1934 Germany released the first mass produced “Universal” machine gun, Mg34 (followed by Mg42, later – Mg43). These can be used as a “light” MG on a bipod or as a “heavy” one on a tripod against ground or air targets. (In the German Wehrmacht system, MG’s were designated heavy or light by usage, the caliber remained the same, as opposed to the West). The German MGs set the trend, so almost all modern “medium” MGs such as Belgian MAG, American M60, and the Russian PKM may be used on a bipod or tripod, as needed.
https://www.militaryfactory.com/smallarms/detail.asp?smallarms_id=63
Maschinengewehr Modell 34 (MG34) General Purpose Machine Gun (GPMG)
The further evolution of this line then begat the storied MG34 - known by its long-form name of "Maschinegewehr 34" - and combined the best attributes of all preceding models including the MG30 and MG15 lines. The resulting system was SO REVOLUTIONARY that it produced the first true instance of a "General Purpose Machine Gun" - a category of machine gun detailing its multi-role functionality, the weapon capable of adapting to several roles without change to its core design.
https://www.militaryfactory.com/smallarms/detail.asp?smallarms_id=59
Browning M1919 GPMG Medium Machine Gun (MMG)
https://ospreypublishing.com/mg-34-and-mg-42-machine-guns
With the MG 34, the German Wehrmacht introduced an entirely new concept in automatic firepower - the general-purpose machine gun (GPMG). In itself the MG 34 was an excellent weapon: an air-cooled, recoil-operated machine gun that could deliver killing firepower at ranges of more than 1,000m. Yet simply by changing its mount and feed mechanism, the operator could radically transform its function. On its standard bipod it was a light machine gun, ideal for infantry assaults; on a tripod it could serve as a sustained-fire medium machine gun. During World War II, the MG 34 was superseded by a new GPMG - the MG 42. More efficient to manufacture and more robust, it had a blistering 1,200rpm rate of fire. Nicknamed ‘Hitler's buzzsaw' by Allied troops, it was arguably the finest all-round GPMG EVER PRODUCED, and alongside the MG 34 it inflicted heavy casualties.
Why don't you just admit that you were wrong?
And you're using Wikipedia as your only source once again. The M1919 is more capable in the sustained fire role than the MG34 cause it's more reliable. You would know this if you actually operated the gun. Instead of using some vague statements off Wikipedia.
Also the only thing you can reference to the MG34 doing is things the M1919 was already doing like tank MG, Light MG and Medium MG. Again how is it revolutionary? You're just using vague statements off Wikipedia.
Also the MG42 is even less reliable and fires at 950rpm.
Also 5.56 has better stopping power than a 7.62 round. You have no idea about what you're talking about.
The MK48 is a GPMG, not a LMG. Light Machine Guns fire intermediate rounds. Mk48 is full caliber so it is generally falls into role as GPMG as is capable of being used as MMG.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mk_48_machine_gun
Type General-purpose machine gun
Stop running away from your wrong claims about the MG34.
The M1919 was a Medium Machine Gun, not a GPGM. The M1919 It was not designed to be used as a LMG role. The A6 variant was, but lacked ability to be a MMG, so it was not a GPMG, unlike the MG34.
Funny how you'll use wikipedia but ignore the designers who explicitly call it a light machine gun.
Also don't be a coward and edit quotes. I've not edited your long winded and poorly written statements.
The M1919 was used as a LMG, MMG and tank machine gun. How is it not a GPMG? https://olive-drab.com/od_other_firearms_mg_m1919.php here's the M1919a6 in a tripod BTW.
Every variant of the M1919 was designed to be used as a multirole air cooled machine gun. If you did actual research instead of trying to confirm your dumb Nazi bias you'd have researched the subject before embarrassing yourself.