There are 3 Missable Achievements (You cannot get back unless you have to start over)

[Rabbidscool]

Open Air Parking: Only available during the first segment of the game.
You have to throw a car to knock a helicopter out of the air during the Apocalypse.

Aerial Predator: Only available when first traveling to the Twilight Cathedral from the Broken Stairway.
Knock out 160 enemies, easiest by using charged blasts on the insect swarms that fly by.

Who's Counting: Only available when you are in the enemy-killing contest with Ulthane at Anvil's Ford.
Kill more enemies than he does. The sword's alternate combo(attack, pause, attack a lot) works nicely. Steal kills from him whenever you have a moment. Finally, go nuts with charged attacks once you get the temporary ranged weapon.

[Sgt.Soldier™]

There's also "High Flier" - Kill 5 Duskbats without touching the ground.

Techincally, not missable necessarily but it can be a pain in the ass if you miss it early game. There all pretty easy except for Aerial Predator, Aerial Predator can take several tries.