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So my piece of advice is that always check provinces resources before building factory there, if your economy policy allows for player build factories. This result to more efficient industry and thus more industry score.
I think it's good choice to start the game with state capitalistic party since it let's the player build first factories and control the industrialisation since depending on country there may not be enough capitalists to start factory building. But they are indeed worthy option in late game when there is large amount of factories. This of course means you have to have right party in power and subsiding isn't that bad since you pretty much are swimming in money no matter what.
This is why my favorite parties are interventionistic ones, which are almost like laissez-faire ones but with possibility to support ''critical'' and failing factories so you can have more money from employed POPs than you would have from unemployed ones and also keep the industry score high all the time. Since laisse-faire causes score drop at the beginning.
Just my thoughts so feel free to disagree
Only time i switch parties is when i want some specific factories build(tanks, aeroplanes etc so i switch to state capitalistic party, since those capitalists can sometimes be pain in the arse, when it comes to building right factory in right state.
if the factories makes money that means more taxes for you without increasing the rate, and the populace is happy and won't rebel. they'll also expand your industry.
if the factories aren't making money then they go bankrupt, that's ok but it takes some money.
if you subsidize them you lose money but people are happy, ultimately it'll ♥♥♥♥ your economy up because your economy won't be efficient.
Industrial subsidies (from victoria 2 wiki)
This allows the government to guarantee that a factory will not run a loss: any negative difference between income and expense is made up by the government. Subsidies are only applied when a factory is running at a loss. Subsidies are controlled per factory from the production screen; this figure shows the total amount spent on them.
Also if you want to check which factories are you subsiding check the economy tab and hover over industrial subsides and it will show you the specific factories and how much they need money. After that you can always shut down them to save that money.
The main reason for factory going bankrupt is probably over production and price decrease of that specific product, so the factory can't afford the production costs due to decreasing revenues, this is what those subsides cover, so the factory can stay open even if running deficit.
So in summary even if you think you are subsiding every factory, you are in reality subsiding only those which run in deficit. Event still as i said earlier after mid game you will be swimming in money anyways, so it doesn't really hurt your nation if you subside few factories
That's when you lower your taxation, if you can afford it. SInce your POPs will always buy domestic products first and this will mean more domestic demand for goods which means better prices and better income for industry, also tariffs are good way to try getting rid of artisans who are way less effective in mid-late game.
I usually run tariffs on 25-80% depending on situation to cover state losses and to make several thousands at the same time.
And tariffs don't apply on sphere and puppet markets since they count as local market, you will get their products at the same price as you would get your own. Also by being on lower on country ranking has it's effect on your POPs purchases, since world market works on ranking based, first nation on the ranking gets it's goods first and so on. So lower you are less goods you get thus less goods for your POPs to purchase meaning less their needs are fulfilled.
But hey, that's just my way to play the game. Your way is equally good and sometimes better if it suits your style and ways to play. :D
About Laissez Faire, does it gives any special advantages that Interventionism doesnt? I almost never use LZF but Im clearly bad at industry in this game. Just played a horrible game with spain, where i was unable to build profitable industry at all, my few factories were empty and my economy crashed for no reason midgame. I had managed to raise my literacy to 45% tho, I had most industrial techs and it was about 1870. And i had sphered most of latin america + Korea and Manchuria. What did I do wrong?
"Does LF give special advantages that interventionism doesn't?"
Capitalists get a bigger share from factories than interventionism and if you're a country with a huge industry, LF insures that you have the most profitable factories.
"I had sphered most of Latin America + Korea and Manchuria"
If your sphere is bigger than your economy then it can actually hurt for you to sphere someone for reasons. It's better to straight up annex Korea and Manchuria if you can because then you not only get their goods but you also get the money from selling it and the taxes the people working the goods give.