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Thanks for answering the question, interesting reading.
That way none of your work laptop's files are changed and you do get to test better graphics.
Startup, saving and loading may be a bit slower but should work fine ;)
Even a budget gaming PC is cost effective considering they can easily last another 10 years.
If you buy an outdated graphics card for an outdated PC it will probably last you a year or two, at most.
I got a pretty good prebuilt for 600-700$ (pc, keyboard, mouse, no monitor) off newegg; look for sales and check benchmarks so you know what you're buying.
I will say, the GT 710 was awful for gaming, not nearly enough cores , and I bought the DDR3 version to boot. It's not that it didn't look good, it's that it couldn't keep up with much of any games on lowest setting save for 10 year old + games. It just isn't a gaming card, even modestly. an RX 550 is sometimes less than a hundred dollars and it outperforms a GT 710 by miles. The GT 710 even struggled with Esport titles on an FX 6300 system, but they did run kind of...mostly ish.
But again, I will let you know how it looks on a GTX 460 for reference
Also, if you are handy, you can build a brand new system with an Athlon 3000G or R3 3200G for $300-$400 US, and that's regular retail. Something like that, today's integrated graphics, much better and should run Factorio just fine as far as I can tell
that was a similar spec PC a family member of mine had before their last rebuild (although they had far less system RAM) - the GTX 460 should give no problems with factorio since it was able to handle graphically intensive games (relative to factorio) like Far Cry 3 at 1440*900 fine
the CPU is only dual core (which prevented Far Cry 4 from even loading), but was from a good line of AMD CPUs for the time, but it may have an affect on performance due to the lower number of effective threads (not relevant to the OP since it is only the GPU they are looking for)
as an additional note to the good information on nomenclature provided by a previous post, GTX does not signify high in terms of low end, mid range, and high end, (and has actually changed how it has been used over the years), but prior to RTX it generally signified a higher end mid range card or a standard high end card, with the last 2 digits being more significant with regards to the "range" - so the GTX 460 was at the higher end of the mid range (as opposed to a GTS or a 450), with the 430/440 being low end, 450/460 mid range and 470/480/490 being high end
i tend to go for the higher end of the mid range, since i am often lower resolution than the cutting edge - so was 1024*768 while everyone else was going widescreen, 1366*768 instead of Full HD, and now i'm 1080p while others are going for ultra wide and 4K - and so i find the upper mid range gives me the most bang for my buck
but as stated - a lower end modern card should be fine for factorio, or many different second hand mid range cards (which keep the price low, but always need to be wary about where you get a second hand card from since they can have been very badly treated to the point that they will boot but will heat your system up to supernova temperatures within seconds) - so worth getting from somewhere with a 1-3 month warranty for second hand gear
First, the I5 2500 is a great chip, and still plenty fast for many things. You’ll probably only see a problem if you go to some modern games or spend 3000 hours playing factorio and try to build a giganticly over sized base. (This is a trick comment. There is no such thing as an oversized base.)
Second, you might very well be able to extend the useful life of that system with a couple of cheap upgrades. If you added 8GB RAM, added a small SSD for Windows and whatever games you are running currently, and find the free upgrade to Win10 that I think is still available if you dig for it, you should get a few more years of good performance for under $100.
Note that the Win 10 upgrade is also useful because Win 7 security updates have stopped, but the security holes have not. That computer is a menace and danger to everything else on any network it is on that is ever connected to the Internet.
Lastly, the video card is going to limit you pretty soon, so as others have suggested you might keep an eye out for cheap upgrades there.
Use this website to compare performance of various graphics cards, old and new alike: https://www.videocardbenchmark.net/
2GB 5 years ago is not the same as 2GB today...
I did manage to unlock the Phenom "hidden cores" in the bios, stable at stock frequency with all 4 cores on. I haven't tried overclocking it yet because I have some baseline benchmarks to run still, but I am at least going to lock the CPU frequency at 3.2Ghz because she wants to mostly play games. She just asked me if I could get it to boot, but I went ahead and fully rebuilt the whole thing, cleaned it up with alcohol and deciding if overclocking is worth trying.
In my personal system, I went from a GT 710 to a refurbished r9 270 I bought for $100. It lasted about 2000 hours of gaming (I work from home, it was a little over a year, which is about 80 days worth of gaming in under 400 days). That card borked out but I found an R9 380 on Amazon for $70. I can't believe it lasted 5 minutes, yet it has lasted 2 years but about the same number of hours. (I made friends haha, but then global human malware happened). I was tempted to flip it for profit and buy a newer card, but I decided the better value was to drive it til the wheels fell off because it was so much better than I ever needed.
Anyway, I try to keep all my old tech for testing purposes, reference (nostalgia, hoarding). My friends like to ask for help and advice on upgrades because they don't know how to type "(game name) on (CPU) (GPU)" into youtube for some reason. I've played a lot of rando indie games over the years, and people always ask "can I run it on these specs" and get flooded with bogus responses from pretentious regurgitators so I will link a video and discuss my experiences with them and offer to run tests on comparable hardware for reference, whatever that's worth. Unfortunately, in my observations, few developers update their system requirements in the steam store page, even when years of early access updates, despite it being fairly simple to change, so I am always willing to try and lend my .02
yes video card (and CPU) benchmark comparison sites are useful for seeing the relative power of different cards - but not so helpful if you are trying to find the cheapest option to play a specific game - since even when the sites include some game benchmarks, often there won't be a game comparable to the one you are interested in, and even if there is something similar, each game has unique performance constraints and may be more CPU or GPU bound, or have specific memory needs.
hence why asking on a forum for the game in question may get you some more useful responses where people, for example, let you know that they have been able to comfortably run the better graphics using a modern integrated GPU or an older low to mid range card with a certain amount of memory of a particular type (DDR3, 4 etc)
I am still happily rocking a GTX 970.. maybe if the PS5 can do better I'll consider upgrading to stay ahead of the consoles but otherwise it's a solid video card.
https://www.tomshardware.com/reviews/gpu-hierarchy,4388.html
Edit: don't bother looking at the prices on that list, they re like pcpartpicker, an aggregation that doesn't get every listing or necessarily update for sales etc. search your preferred shop directly for accurate pricing