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After that, coal usage is tied directly to how much power your factory needs.
The only way to use less coal is to not use steam power - eventually you will be able to build solar panels.
2 lines of 6 Engines will generate 10.8 MW of power. More than enough to run a sizeable starting foundry and factory.
You would need some way to store the steam to power more than 2 and it would only ever be in short bursts.
You could switch over to solar power with accumulators set to turn your boilers off when so much power is accumulated.
Feeding your boilers with coal directly from the local coal patch should solve your problem until then.
Automating the coal delivery means you'll never have to do it yourself again.
One boiler produces enough steam for two engines. If you run 10 engines with that one boiler, they'll work at an average efficiency of 20%, for the exact same total output. It looks like it works fine only because you're not using much power, so not all steam is consumed and it builds up in the engines. As soon as your power requirements go up a bit, all that extra steam will be consumed in a few seconds, and you'll have a brownout.
It won't stop brownouts but it will prolong the amount of time you can go over your normal power capacity.
1 fluid tank holding 25k steam can run 10 boilers at maximum power of a combined 300 steam/s for 83 and a third seconds.
This is assuming your steam can get to each engine to feed them 30 steam/s.
83 seconds is enough time for your laser turrets to fend off a group of angry biters.
Boiler -> Fluid Tank -> Steam engine (x10)
or...
Boiler -> Steam engine (x10) -> Fluid tank
You could stick the tank anywhere in the line and it should work no problem.
The theory is your tank will fill up with excess steam to be used later when the engines actually need it.
This is the exact same concept as an accumulator.
https://steamcommunity.com/sharedfiles/filedetails/?id=1876590428
Steam tanks do function as accumulators, but where exactly is this truly useful?
The one answer I can come up with is Nuclear. Reactors produce heat, which gets transmitted to heat exchangers to make a high temperature steam. Unlike Boilers, Reactors don't stop and start on a dime, one fuel burns for 200 seconds regardless of how much power is drawn from the power plant. To save on fuel, it is certainly viable to store excess high temperature steam, and only insert a new fuel cell when said steam gets low.
Storing steam from a boiler? What's the point? One boiler at max capacity can feed exactly two steam engines. If you need more steam engines, make and feed more boilers. One yellow belt of coal can feed somewhere around 35 boilers. I tend to make two 20/40 arrays fed from the same belt. Eventually, ideally before reaching the maximum capacity of that single yellow belt of coal, I transition to solid fuel. One yellow belt of solid fuel can feed 100 (I think) boilers. That's more than two such pairs of 1/20/40 pump/boiler/steam engine arrays.
Back on topic, you *can* indirectly save on coal in two ways. First, use Efficiency Modules. Efficiency is capped at an 80% reduction, so three level 1 modules, or two level 2, are sufficient and cheap. Second, instead of burning the coal directly, liquify it into Heavy, Light oils and Petroleum gas. Crack the Heavy into Light oil, turn both Light and Petroleum into solid fuel, and burn that solid fuel. Beacon and module that setup heavily.
See Https:/forums.factorio.com/viewtopic.php?f=5&t=71823 for more information on that subject.
A lot of Factorio players absolutely love to minimize the number of boilers at literally any cost.