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Generally the longer, the more stiff the rod, the longer the distance.
Action or stiffness dictates how the rod "loads" (flexes like streching a rubber band) and how quickly it discharges that load, the more tension the rod builds during the cast and the faster it discharges that energy into the end tackle the farther it will go.
A longer rod means the rod tip moves a longer distance during the cast. This means that the rod has a longer window to load and therefore a longer discharge giving the end tackle a longer acceleration before the rod has colpletley discharged meaning it can reach higher velocities.
Generally heavier and more compact end tackle (hook, bait, weights, lures, ect..) will go fatrher.
If you launch a 10lb bag of feathers and a 10lb ball of lead out of a catcpult, which one goes farther? Example; A spinnerbait won't cast as far as a casting jig of the same weight. Also a well balanced saltwater plug has more weight near the tail to keep it stabilized in the air and therefore keeps wind resistance to a minimum.
Generally thinner lines cause less drag and weigh less per foot and therefore don't cause the end tackle to lose momentum as quickly.
Some spinning reels of the same size cast better because of the basic shape of the spool. A short fat spool will not cast as far as a tall thin spool due to the increased friction between the line and the spool as the spool empties.
So use my plug launching rig for bluefish and spanish mackerel which usually hits around the 195yd mark with a 2oz casting jig as an example.
Rod: Tica Surge, Medium Heavy, Moderate-Fast Action 9'0", 1/2 - 3oz casting weight, 12 - 25lb line class.
Reel: Diawa Revros Size 4000 spolled with ~240yd of .30mm mono (i like the give when a larger fish crashes on a big popper)
You have a fairly stiff rod at an intermediate length (chosen for lighter weight, hundreds of long casts in a day with too heavy a rod will kill your arms) paired with a decent sized reel with a balanced height/width spool filled with a line that doesn't slow the lure down too much.
With braid of the same strength the diameter would be .15mm - .20mm which is signiffigantly smaller you could extend this rigs casting range probably to around the 250yd mark.
unique trout in north carolina is at 200 to 230, unique large bass in florida is at 160+
i just started, so those are the ones i care about right now :D