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It takes you out of a directory and back into the directory that directory is in.
I actually don't remember if there's another command that does the same thing in the linux shell, I just know that that one works in modern unix systems and I learned it from dos.
Remember that there's a blank space between, it's cd *space* ..
Basic commands can be found in this guide.
The only difference between this game and a standard Unix shell would probably be the mv command. And even then its real minor.
Under normal circumstances, in a shell, one could use mv some_file.ext ../some/dir to move that file one folder down, and into a separate folder, keeping the filename as-is. In the game, this is not the case. You actually have to type it entirely or you get some.. weird things going on. Nothing game breaking though.
Example:
Unfortunately, it will not move the file to the /sys directory. Instead, it'll just move and rename the file to sys in the root folder. Instead, one would have to provide a full path:
This will move it to where you want. Its a very minor thing, not sure if its a limitation in the game code or what, but I'm not going to fret over it.
"/" (pronounced "root") is the root of the filesystem. A single "." specifies the current directory (e.g. used when you want to execute a script in the current folder by running ./evil.script), and ".." specifies the parent of the current directory (unless the current directory is "/", in which its parent is also "/"). In theory you could chain these together but there is usually not much point - e.g. cat ./../././.././etc/passwd will probably work
The most important difference is that commands are generally not nearly as user-friendly IRL - for example, mv will happily overwrite files without warning whereas Hacknet automatically creates index.html(1) if index.html already exists. Aliases can be used to make commands ask for verification but you should never count on this being the case.
<arcane>
It's a bad idea to omit the trailing slash - the command will work, but it's behaviour will depend on whether /sys exists and whether it is a directory; when you later try to call /sys/clock.exe it will fail (because sys is a binary file and not a directory) - you might end up repeatedly overwriting a file instead of moving ten files into a different directory. Specifiying "mv clock.exe /sys/" avoids this problem.
</arcane>
It's a result of the game, unlike real filesystems, allowing you to have multiple files with identical names.