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It STORES UP finished products.
E.g., lets say its a level 1 packer (capacity 2)
Day 1 a pill goes in. Nothing comes out.
Day 2 a pill goes in. A box with 2 pills comes out.
This way you can have X (where X is the capacity of the packer) production lines each producing 1 output per day, all using the same output socket.
(Each line needs a packer)
Without the packer you would have a bottleneck at export time. In the above example, if you have 2 lines each producing 1 pill per day, the export socket would take 1 pill and one of the lines would be blocked from making anything that day.
With the packers each outputs a box every other day (containing 2 pills), so there is no more bottleneck.
Line 1:
input 1 -><stuff> --> pill presser 1 --
...........................|-> pill presser 2 -|--> output 1
Line 2:
input 2 --> <stuff> --> pill presser 1 --
..............................|-> pill presser 2 -|--> output 2
</code>
Uses 4 slots (2 input, 2 output).
With packers, you can use 3 slots
<stuff> --> pill presser 1 --
|-> pill presser 2 -|--> packer --> shared belt --> output 1
Line 2:
<stuff> --> pill presser 1 --
.............|-> pill presser 2 -|--> packer --> shared belt --> output 1
If you tried that without the packers, you'd be putting 2 things onto the shared belt every day, and so the pressers would get backed up (because the output slot only takes 1 thing per day).
With the packers, it releases a box with 2 pills in it every other day. Each box is 1 item though and can be output in 1 tick. So every day a single box with 2 pills in it gets shipped out via output slot 1.
Its like how if you only had 1 pill presser, your whole line would back up. Once you upgrade the packer to capacity 3 or 4, you can have many more lines producing stuff and outputting to just a few slots.
In case the previous posts haven't been illuminating enough, here's a screenshot: http://steamcommunity.com/sharedfiles/filedetails/?id=509936198
You can clearly see the two packers feed the same line into a single output socket, freeing the other socket(s) for other uses. In this case it's an analyzer, but it could be anything!
You might not see the value straight away when starting out, but when you get to drug upgrade paths that require multiple catalysts, or start combining effects, you will find that slots get scarce, and this is a great way for you to free up some slots at the cost of a little space.
Edit:
And you can accomplish this by taking the last belt piece out before the packer and putting it in at the correct time so the line moves in sync.
If you have to "wait" a single tick for a gap, then you'd end up producing only 359/360 products in the first year, or 99.72% of the theoretical maximum.
In the second year, you have 719/720, or 99.86% of the theoetical maximum production.
Over five years, it's 99.94%.
Improving production from 50% to 99.72% by using a packer is smart. Spending ages to improve production from 99.72% to 100% is not.
First, it doesn't take ages. It takes maybe 5 seconds.
Second, it can be messed up by a lot more than one tick. For example I had one line that output NOTHING every few days. I see no reason to not fix that if it's as simple as picking up one conveyor piece and waiting a tick and setting it back down.
If a thing goes to output but isn't able to, it just waits until there is a gap. Yeah?
Can you explain the scenario in which it won't fix itself in a single tick?
Belt backups can cause a phase oscillation where the problem does not fix itself. For example if the two packers can't be next to each other they won't halt because for now there is room since it requires at least two pills to fill a box. e.g. if you have a leader coming out of your packer that can hold more than one box, and the junction has to wait 1 tick, you can end up with a repeating line lag because it will double up boxes every so often and then have to clear them out.
Edit:
Or basically because of belt layout the packers can put out more than the belt can export which means eventually at the belt junction one box must get held up, but the packer is still outputting which effectivly removes a gap from the line. Because the gap is removed from the line the other packer gets held up eventually and outputs out of sync and you get doubled up boxes which jams the junction again, which jams the other packer and puts them both back in sync and the process repeats itself.
When you have two packers outputting onto the same output belt, there are two possible situations: Either there is a space when the 2nd packer tries to put a box onto the belt, or there is not.
If there is a space, then the 2nd packer can simply add the box and continue working. Everything is well.
If there the output belt is occupied, then it follows that the next space on the output belt must be empty. Therefore, the packer has to wait one tick before being able to place the box on the belt and start working again. Because of this one tick wait, the next box will be done when there is space on the belt (i.e. the system "fixes itself").
[A even more likely scenario is that you have T belt junction, which serves to buffer boxes - if there is a space, it will immediately be moved on to the output belt; else, it will just wait for one tick whilst the packer keeps working]
No, it doesn't. You have to make sure that the first box from the 2nd line reaches the output belt immediatley after the first box from the 1st line, so you have to make sure that you start them at exactly the right time (based on the length of the conveyors, number of machines and so on) for no benefit whatsoever.
All of that depends on the level of uprage of the packers. And you don't need to wait if you look at where the obstruction is. If one box is arriving too early you halt that packer for a moment to put it on a different phase.
The granularity is by whole ticks since all belts move at the same time so you're either on the right one or you are not. If you're not on the right one then stall it until you are. It isn't that complicated.
You're reading way too much into what I said and making it unnecessarily complex.
***EDIT***
You can also make drugs feed in in order. It takes a little messing around with the pills, but it makes it more powerfull. To do this, remove the convayor belt leading into the packer, and then replace it. Keep doing this untill you have the timing correct.