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I learned how to drive a car on a manual trans, and now, I can drive almost anything with a manual transmission.
To efficiently use a manual transmission, it is important to first know the 'shift pattern' of the transmission that you have. All manual transmissions have a shift pattern, but it can vary greatly from one model of trans to the next.
In terms of truck (semi) transmissions, there is usually a series of 'low range' gears and 'high range' gears and these are switched between through the use of a 'range selector' (I think that's what it's called) which is basically a switch-like device for moving from the low range to the high range and back again. It is used in conjuction with the shift lever to go from one to the other and back again and can be actually mounted to the shift lever for ease of access while shifting.
Normally, as you progress through the gears, you will reach the high end of the low range, engage the range selector and then continue on through the high range until you achieve cruising speed.
Downshifting is just this same process, but in reverse.
As you gain experience with your preferred transmission, you will learn that there are times when you can actually skip gears, as pointed out, depending on load, engine power, etc.
It is also possible to shift gears without depressing the clutch pedal.
This is based on the RPMs of the engine and at what point that the lower gear 'tops out' and is now in the minimum low RPM range of the 'higher gear'. I believe that this is what's referred to as 'floating', but I'm not certain of that term, so please feel free to correct me if I'm wrong.
I think manual is what he means anyway based on his previous post about buying a shifter and using an 18 speed.
Far as the type of truck- I usually use the Peterbuilt Daycabs and or Kenworth W900.
This is on flat ground, up or downhill will change that spacing as you gain or lose road speed. Most of the engines have an effective power range of around 1200 - 1850 rpm, sweet spot around 1500-1650. There are situations where you run the engine a bit harder, say up to 2000 or so. An example is to gain a little extra road speed uphill so you don't bog the engine on upshift as you will drop speed quickly between gears.
Those spacings are fairly constant, you will run into the odd box here and there that has different spacings for various reasons. And as stated above, it's also how your truck is setup. Diff ratio, engine type and rating, driving style etc etc. Best way is get in there and drive it and you will arrive at a solution that works for you. Happy truckin'.