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. it is raised when it's not needed, to decrease tires' wear.
. it is lowered when the trailer is above 17tons (once again, not sure)
Less tire wear, less rolling resistance (better fuel milage), improved turning radius. Improved brakeing when lowered.
Not many companiies use them in north america them. The cost of the lift axle compared to a standard tandem vs 'saveings (tire wear/turning ability/fuel saveings), upkeep and resale value'. You need to alot miles pulling light loads only require 1 rear axle and occasionally only need the extra axle for a heavier load, do alot of empty(no pay), or alot really tight spots your droping trailers.
As for when to raise the axle, on a 6x2, empty or very light load, really tight spot for better tuning.
I would leave down at all times during a load just for the safety factor of the extra stoping power.
Rember it takes several seconds, even as long as 1 minute for a AIR powered lift axle to reach full pressure, brake with out full pressure in the axle will damage the trucks compontents.
If bob-tailing UP.
Oh I have given up on the 6x2 and use 6x4 because the 6x2 would not allow enough grip climbing ramps when I'm forced to stop half way up.
Go to options and check your key commands.
There are 2: one for truck and one for trailer.
Lifting an axel can also help traction, but yeah, save fuel and stuff... over here in Europe most seem to run 6x2 or 4x2 with a tagaxle for the 6, and when it get slippy and they need grip they shift the weight to the drive wheels, even here in Sweden where we have much heavier loads in general... dont think many run 6x4... I could be wrong but from what I've read and heard thats how its done here.