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You can mitigate the difficulties posed by the HRE somewhat. Either vassalise the countries you defeat and absorb them later, or take multiple provinces in one go so that you can hand one back when the Emperor comes calling. It'll still be slow going; you have to wait several years at least between conquests for Aggressive Expansion penalties to cool down, and Annexation makes it hard to make friends (still probably better than the host of penalties you accrue for holding Unlawful territory).
Small HRE cities are tricky; I've changed my mind about the Common Sense pack and think you really need it to make a small city viable. Spending Monarch Points to increase starting city's development helps; mainly spend Adminstrative Power since that nets you more monthly income, avoid spending Military Power on development since you really can't afford to fall behind militarily. Getting Poland as an ally is doable and makes blobbing much easier, but depends heavily on starting conditions and still won't allow really fast expansion.
I hope that's helpful.
Dude, you have a lot of catching up to do. This is EXACTLY the kind of eurocentric view of world history which this game caters to. Unfortunately, your text contains so many factual errors. First of all, the native American civilizations were mainly brought to their knees by the diseases the Conquistadores brought with them. Without the smallpox and other pathogens, the Conquistadores would not have had the numbers to overcome Aztec or Inca resistance.
Demand from Europe was not the driving force of Asian trade in the year 1444 (How could it be? They weren't there yet). Most of the trade was inner-Asian. The silk trade between Japan and China alone was larger than the trade volume of all Western Europe combined. And if we have to compare military power: At the battle of Sekigahara, the opposing sides in that battle had about 90000 well-trained samurai. So we're talking about 180000 soldiers at a time when a battle in Europe was considered large with like 30000 to 40000 soldiers. And the Europeans did not make all the discoveries in Asia. You might want to read a bit about the seven voyages of the Chinese admiral Zheng He. And Japanese isolationism was not enacted until the mid-17th century. Before that, Japan had rather extensive trade relations. And the Portuguese did not found the city of Nagasaki but were given a small enclosed area in Nagasaki habor. BTW, the Japanese government later only allowed Dutch and English traders there. Sure, Macau had a Portuguese colony and Hong Kong was made important by the British but it did not have the quasi exterritorial status we know about until the 19th century.
The European dominance in Asia most Europeans remember did not start until the late 18th century.
So why did the Europeans "discover" Asia and not viceversa?....well, mostly because the Europeans had nothing they really wanted.
I did believe it is very unfair to compare the Aztecs to the China and Japan. They were much much less advance the my people in Asian
But mch more importantly the reason Asian countries didn't set up trade ports and cities in European countries is that they didn't need anything from them. Silk was valuable to Europeans they so they defiantly needed it more the than the Asian countries needed them
( The were of course products the Ming/Qing dynasty and other Asian counties desired greatly but the major thing head actually a recreational drug (so historians argue this drug was only reason they agreed to the trading to begin with but that is not fact )
and a certain points western weapons(but should be noted that countries would developed variations for themselves and manufacture themselves.
However I spefucalize is Japanese history and culture so I can't speak for Ming or Qing but Japan had made expeditions to the new world most famously to new Spain (Mexico) right before there isolation so they were quite capable of reaching the Americas if needed ( if they had been colonial power it is believed the the Colonial region of California would have had so Japanese colonies but again this is just what people think would have happen don't take it as law )
(On a side note you mention the instability of the region however this is not entirely true one of the reason Japan caught itself of with most of the world is because they had had heard and seen went western influence did to countries (one major one that a cause it was the Spanish aggressive attempts to convert Japanese people to Christianity) and deciding if they allowed this continue the country would fracture in warring stattes they for the most part closed off themselves (other thing done were killing people who refused to turn away from Christianity) (on a bit of side side note the isolation was so strict that a certain point so Japanese People who were away from Japan when it began weren't allowed to return.
And while true that they did trade with A few countries during this time it was only those that agreeded to not infer with culture traditions and religious beleif of the island (Dutch in particular stated they had no interested in converting Japan which is why the were still a trading partner at this time)
Now when it comes to winning a war there were few times if any I believe a country could have one a war against Japan (by win a war I meanactually invade and conquere the island) due to fact there were an island nation which had a decent navy ( due in large part a western samurai whose by the name of Adam something (if you play Japan there is an event were high comes to you same guy sort can't remember his name right now) and even when they were in warring states they wouldn't the most part work together to repel the invaders (like they did the Mongols (who invade the hell of I everyone from Asian to Eastern Europe ) twice.
It would be pure speculation whether not they would beat another country if there on the same land mass (but hauls be noted that Japan has successfully fought and defeated China in the past (and one of the main reason they lost some of island to Russia is because Russia fought them after after they had been bombard by the USA in world war 2 )
I agree - it is unfair, and I never tried to compare Aztec technology (which was pretty advanced for pre-Columbian America though) to that of Ming / Japan. I do not understand how you could see that in my post. I merely said that it is wrong to measure technological advances by the amount of population, which T1 clearly pointed at.
Japan fought China/ Korea in many wars, but I think of the 19-20th century. I am not sure what are you talking about here, other than an attempt to invade in Japan in 13th century when entire fleet was wrecked by typhoon, and some troops landed in Japan which were beaten by Japense.
About Russia - this is not really true. Russia got some of the islands much earlier, and even got access to Korean Sea, which triggered Russian - Japanese War in 1905. This has nothing to do with WWII (other than Kurili islands, which remains an issue until today)
Surprisingly, I think the same way about you - your view is so Asian-centric, and you fail admit some logical flaws in what you say. Your point about silk road is self-contradictory. You said they were not there yet? If they did not know about the Straight of Magellan - it does not mean they were not there yet, this is just very strange logic in the first place. Silk road boombed in the 13-14th century. You brought an example of Marco Polo, but there were many other adventurers, traders, monks who travelled in China and South Asia, for example, John of Montecorvino, Odoric of Pordenone, etc, and many more. Moreover there is evidence, that Romans and Greek also sailed there (via red sea).
I already said about discoveries in Philippines, Taiwan, Ausralia, etc. If you think it is not enough - then lets continue, Madagascar, Sri Lanka, Maldives, Ascension island, and Saint Helena, were discovered by portuguese, many other importnat trade maps were made by Arab sailors (for example, the most notable one was made for Sicilian King Roger). Also Sumatra and Malacca were discovered by Europeans.
About isolationism - this is not true, Ming fully advanced isolationism politics having laws which banned any sailing abroad starting from 15th century (when game has started). In Japan this has started in 17th century under Tokugawa shogunate, I agree, but you fail to take into account a period of constnat civil wars to consider Japan as unified state at that time, to have any significant sea voyages as Japan (rather than individual factions).
I already said that I do admit lots of things coming from Asia itself, such as technology, wealth, etc. But it will be an overstatement to consider Asian countries to have a comperative naval power as European at that time.
About Nagasaki - again, you contradict yourself. First you say what would happen if Portuguese and Japanese coexisted together implying that Japanese would beat them easily. And then I give you an example of Nagasaki, and you start saying "but they allowed them etc.". Considering isolationist nature of Japense - it seems they were simply forced to do that.
I can't remember one time they respected a truce. There's no neighboring countries who want to protect Muscovy and it pisses me off.
I agree, Golden Horde is huge for 1444, considering that it was in a decline already and it will be a matter of years until Muscovy fully annexes them.
To your first point you are correct and i do apologize for this. Size/ population does not mean tech advantage
Also I was referring to the Sino-Japanese wars (especially the first one ) that was fought over the control of Korea were. That was a massive and one sided win for Japan in the first war in 1895
As for the Russia issue I was in fact referring to the Kurilis islands when I referred Russia attacking when Japan was already weak (but the war you mention in 1905 was a victory for Japan as well go Japan :) (irrelevant point just wanted to mention it) .
(as a bit of side note this is why I viciously attack Russia in my Japan games before they even get a chance colonize Serbia )
Colonize Serbia or Siberia ? :)
About Kurili Islands - this is more complicated topic, and I know there are different opinions on this, but as far as I am aware it was Russians who colonized those islands before Japanese and had to give them to Japan due to exchange in 19th century for Sakhalin, which only proves what I have said with respect to isolationist politics of Japan.
I think they should have made several minor states rather than big Golden Horde, like in Eastern Anatolia