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I know but i want to know which culture and religion could be "closer" to the idea of Carthage in the beginning of the Middle-Age.
? I understand, but I don't think there is any that would do it any sort of justice. There's no Phoenician culture or religion present and nothing quite like it available. Again, you might want to look into the mods and try your luck there.
Religion wise you could hamfist some options together but nothing that would really have the same god names and such. I don't know enough about the Carthaginean religion off hand to pick out Tenets and Doctrines that would be good, but Astrology for the Naval Speed bonus is probably a good flavor choice.
You may want to go with Sardinian culture (as Sardinia maintained Punic traditions longer than most of the Roman-conquered Punics, and anything else even close has been wiped out by multiple Islamic invasions, by the earliest in-game start), but with the Hellenic\Greco-Roman religion (because... well, I don't think there's anything comparable in the game to what they actually believed pre-Roman conquest, but there was some adoption of Greek gods into their religion), reformed to give it equal doctrine (because perhaps their most famous historic leader, and the one credited with their founding, was a Queen).
Primary targets for conquest would be Tunisia, Sardinia, the Mallorcas, and maybe Malta and Palermo in Sicily along with the southern tip of Spain and the corresponding northwestern tip of Africa. Integrating it all together will undoubtedly be a mess (Why does Sicily NEVER integrate into my kingdom? I get you're your own kingdom, but so is Romagna, and THEY integrate into my Sardinian Kingdom eventually, so why doesn't Sicily?), but if you're REALLY into re-building Carthage, that seems the way to go.
As far as I'm aware, you have to be of one culture and predominantly have your lands(or just your capital) be of another culture. You can then 'hybridize' both cultures, allowing you to form a completely new one. We won't get the concrete details until a future dev diary, hopefully the next one!
https://forum.paradoxplaza.com/forum/developer-diary/ck3-dev-diary-64-cultures-are-forever.1479565/?utm_source=stcom-owned&utm_medium=social-owned&utm_content=post&utm_campaign=crki3_ck_20210615_for_dd
Yes, I meant Baal Hammon. I didn't think I had to be specific. He was imported from the Phoenician settlers and became one of if not the chief deities in Carthage.
EDIT: It's also worth pointing out that the 'Phoenician' alphabet is an abjad which means it doesn't have vowels (mostly, some of the later versions do to varying degrees). This does not make telling things apart easy. Hammon, hamman, hammen, hemmen, hemman, hommon, hummun, himmin etc. Are all spelt the same (hmmn... well it's hmn actually and it's written from right to left so nmh).
We don't know enough about the Phoenicians to say that they existed (see the amazon link I commented above. It's an adapted series of lectures about how they might not have) so what they did or didn't do's a bit of a moot point. I also do not think we know where Ba'al Hammon comes from. We don't even know what 'Hammon' (/hmn) actually means (I favour brazier/fire but that's an educated guess at best). Where exactly the god comes from? Who knows. I could well be wrong here (and would love correcting if I am) but I don't think there are any inscriptions bearing the name 'Ba'al Hammon' which predate Carthage so it's not impossible that Hammon was a Carthaginian god exported back to the Levant. There's a possible link to Eshmun, who may or may not have been the Ba'al of Sidon, but that's just one of a lot of possibilities (to reiterate: "We know next to nothing. Some names really, that's it... The religious is anyone's guess frankly."). Sorry I'm rambling a bit.
You do realize that Carthage was frequently at war with the Berbers and hated the Berbers, right? The Berbers definitely do Not have a stronger tie to Carthage, and simply because they inhabited the same patch of land more than a thousand years after Carthage was destroyed is beyond meaningless. How is it "recreating Carthage" if you're doing it with people that Carthage considered one of their mortal enemies and who they had no cultural or religious ties with?
Again, there is No culture or religion (or custom religion) currently in game that can replicate the culture and religion of ancient Carthage. Not sure why you refuse to accept that, but (again) check out the mods and/or wait until Royal Court and the culture update comes out, as it may then be actually possible to recreate Punic culture in game.
As far as religion goes you would almost definitely need to do some light research and use an existing mod or mod it yourself so that you can have the ancient Canaanite religion that was brought to Carthage when it was settled by Phoenician colonists and localized. They had a pantheon of gods and goddesses somewhat similar to that of ancient Mesopotamia, though less elaborate and with different names.
"Phoenicians" is an ancient Greek term for a Canaanite group of people that definitely did exist. We know for a fact this particular group of people existed since they were responsible for founding the city of Tyre (among several other well known cities) and were the linchpin in the network of trade stretching from Babylon to Greece and Egypt after the Late Bronze Age Collapse. They are also famously responsible for promulgating the world's oldest certified alphabet. They didn't refer to themselves as Phoenicians, but they definitely existed, indeed flourished, for quite some time in the ancient world, though much of their physical legacy has unfortunately been built over and destroyed across the ages.
Moloch never appears anywhere in any Phoenician inscriptions (he only appears in the bible). This has led many archaeologists (including this one) to question his existence. The root for sacrifice in Punic is mlk (klm). Add in some vowels and you get Molok (Moloch). That's one possibility. As a rule the bible is not overly reliable as a historical document; sometimes it's right but it needs confirming with other evidence because sometimes it's wrong. They do seem to have sacrificed children though although we're really not sure on the extent or the specifics (probably to Ba'al Hammon, I'd suggest. If you read what I wrote above, Hmn can be translated to mean brazier so Ba'al Hammon could mean Lord/Master/Owner of the Brazier. It's reported, and the evidence seems to bear out that, they burned the sacrifices so there could be a link there). It's still pretty hotly debated (EDIT: no pun intended).
Again the Phoenicians might not have existed (it's a Greek word so it's a name the Greeks gave to the people who lived in the region, not a term the people themselves actually seem to have used or had an equivalent for), there's an amazon link above if you're interested in that, and the term 'Jewish' probably isn't hugely relevant when you're talking about such a long time ago. There's a debate to be had about whether they were even monotheistic at that point. The traditional archaeological theory is that the cult of Yahweh effectively 'beat' the cults of the other Ba'als in the 8th century BCE. Henotheistic Yahwists would probably be a more accurate term. There's a reason the Tanakh is full of proscriptions against worshipping 'false' gods and idols and it's probably because the people being preached to were doing that.
Jeroboam (who by the way there's no evidence of outside of the bible I don't think) is dated about a century before that usually so pre-Judaism, more Canaanite/Ancient Semitic polytheism (making the distinction between Israelites, Jews, Judeans and Canaanites even more tenuous).
Whether the northern Kingdom of Israel was Jewish (again not a very relevant term 3000 years ago) or not is not known for sure. There are theories that it developed independently. It's pretty intensely debated still and I wouldn't pretend to know the answer.
Sorry I might've been a bit unclear there. I don't mean the people we refer to as the Phoenicians didn't exist in the strictest sense. What I mean, and that book is about, is that the term Phoenician would be meaningless to them. It's a term the Greeks applied to everyone living in the area with little understanding of the actually complex differences between the different peoples. I always compare it with the term native american or aboriginal australian or something like that. It's a word which probably had no meaning to the people it described. This is what I do for a living (I'm an associate professor of ancient semitic linguistics) so I maybe have a tendency to jump in the deep end a bit. Modern archaeology's pretty much abandoned the term (it now pretty strictly refers to the alphabet and not much else... and even then it's going out of fashion because it's so vague) in favour of more specific descriptors. Then again academia has a tendency to be cyclical (you don't sell books if you completely agree with your teacher) so maybe it'll come back into fashion at some point. Hopefully I made my point a bit better there. I don't think we disagree really.
EDIT: I'd recommend that book if you're interested (it's a bit on the dry side; it's very 'academic').