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Sorry Jo, I am confused.
Maybe I don't understand your terminology, because if they have LOS, I would call that direct fire.
https://www.lonesentry.com/articles/ontheway/index.html
https://www.lonesentry.com/articles/ttt09/mortar-fire.html
Not sure I understand this, why would a mortar need LOS?
"High Angle Hell", is my sincere compliment to them.
Well written article about the mortarman.
GRAFENWOEHR, Germany --
Indirect fire infantrymen, colloquially known as mortarmen, are often shunned in the community of grunts. They participate in the same mission as their compatriots who hold an 11B military occupational specialty designator, they carry asinine masses of weight on their back, they hunker down in the nasty crags of the bush, yet they constantly fight to be recognized as members of the infantry.
In the 173rd Airborne Brigade, they are also Paratroopers who willingly leap from aircraft with ambitious intent to rapidly deliver death at the doorstep of the enemy.
According to the National Park Service, American mortar utilization in warfare dates back to the Revolutionary War, when General George Washington's Army defeated General Lord Cornwallis' Army in the battle of Yorktown.
However, in those days, mortarmen were not considered part of the infantry, but instead the artillery. It was not until WWI in the midst of austere trench warfare that mortarmen were integrated into the infantry because, as the adage goes, 'necessity breeds innovation.'
"With both armies dug in and facing each other in heavily wired and fortified lines of trenches, the need for some type of close artillery support controlled by infantry units asserted itself almost immediately," Virgil Nye wrote in Evolution of the U.S. Army Infantry Mortar Squad: The Argonne to Pleiku.
The exploding capabilities of the round allowed shrapnel to shower down on the enemy, multiplying the lethal effects and securing a clear advantage over the entrenched army. It was the Germans that invented the first trench mortar system, the Minenwerfer.
In 1935 French ironworker Edward William Brandt engineered the Brandt mle 27/31 mortar system which the United States studied, derived from and transmuted into the M1 81mm and M2 60mm mortar systems. Both were liberally utilized during WWII.
Accompanying the normal stressors of being an infantryman such as carrying astronomical amounts of weight, walking unforeseen distances and being on the front-lines of combat, mortarmen possess a technical expertise that, if not properly mastered, can swiftly turn circumstances awry.
Complete article link.
https://www.army.mil/article/195721/mortarmen_the_dark_horse_of_the_infantry