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I see nothing in the rules that forbids secret alliances. However, players cannot show their hidden orders or their remaining unused order tokens. The same with bids, they must be made in secret before being shown to everyone.
Page 24 in the rule book under Alliances.
Page 27 ("Hidden Information") does not state that you can hide who you are allying with, which does suggest that any deals/alliances are the matter of a public record (and that's how my group played the game).
"Hidden Information" does not cover Alliances - it's just for the screening of your components such as order tokens. Secondly, among the things it lists, it does not specifically list alliances as having to be public or private.
There is a SPECIFIC Alliances section on page 24. In there, it does not say that alliances need to be public. It lists 3 "strict" rules that must be followed for Alliances and none of them say that they need to be public or private. Therefore it is legal to do both. This is logical and in spirit of the theme of the game and books. If House Lannister had to announce their alliance with House Frey, then I don't think the Red Wedding ever would have happened.
But the entire "Hidden Information" section does not mention Alliances once. Not once. Zero. Ziltch. Therefore, there is nothing in that section that says Alliances have to be public (or secret) for that matter. And, as I've already pointed out there is nothing on page 24 under Alliances that says they have to be public or secret.
If you and your friends want to play so that Alliances have to be public, that's fine. I'm just stating what the official rules say and don't say.
This is why I think it speaks stronger in favor of alliances being public, rather than secret; because the second interpretation hinges entirely on "this isn't in the rules", while the first takes the whole manual in context.
There is also this:
That's why I am not saying the proponents of the second interpretation are wrong. Because you are right: the rules are not clear on this, so people are free to decide for themselves what interpretation they find to be more likely.
What makes this even funnier is this very thread - is the game announcing "a secret alliance" working as intended by the rules? Or is this one of the game's bugs/incorrect applications of the rules (we do know some are inconsistent with the manual, so it may very well be the case in this situation as well).
After all, as the OP rightfully mentions; it's not exactly a secret when it's known to everyone who knows there is an "Alliance" tab.
I think there is room for both asking for support and alliance (the former is when you need help, but don't want to commit to helping a particular player), but either the alliance shouldn't be known or shouldn't be called a secret.
I have played a few games online now in which it was clear I was playing against people who are friends irl and therefore just adds more to the uselessness of the alliance mechanic.
But if it's not in the rules, then how are alliances meant to be public? That makes no sense.
The mere ambiguity of it suggests that you can either make your alliance public or keep it private.
In the Alliances section they specifically say there are "3 strict rules that conspiring players are allowed to do" to when making alliances. Don't you think they would have put "Alliances must be publicly announced" in these rules if that was their intent?
And my last point, and I'll keep it as the last since this seems to be going nowhere, is that people in other gaming community forums (Fantasy Flight, Reddit etc.) have openly chatted about secret alliances and even suggested methods of doing this. One guy says that his group has a "note round" where each player gets to pass a single note to a single player. Other players talk about going into other rooms to discuss etc. And in these forum discussions NOBODY is claiming that Alliances are meant to be public only. Therefore, it is common understanding among the GoT gaming community that Alliances can be secret.
Once again, I think you can run your game the way you see fit if your friends all agree, but I'm just stating what the official rules say. I'm using 1st Ed, btw.